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Review
. 2016 Sep;45(3):413-28.
doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2016.04.002.

Current Perspectives on Gastric Cancer

Juan M Marqués-Lespier  1 , María González-Pons  2 , Marcia Cruz-Correa  3
Affiliations
Review

Current Perspectives on Gastric Cancer

Juan M Marqués-Lespier et al. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2016 Sep.

Abstract

Gastric cancer (GC) is third leading cause of cancer-related death. Only 28.3% of new GC cases survive more than 5 years. Although incidence has declined in the United States, an increase is estimated for 2016. Risk factors include sex (risk is higher in men), Helicobacter pylori infection, heredity, and lifestyle. GC is usually diagnosed between the ages of 60-80 years. Prognosis of GC is largely dependent on the tumor stage at diagnosis and classification as intestinal or diffuse type; diffuse-type GC has worse prognosis. Chemoprevention has been shown to decrease risk, but is currently not used clinically.

Keywords: Atrophic gastritis; Dysplasia; Gastric cancer; Helicobacter pylori; Intestinal metaplasia.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Age-standardized gastric cancer incidence rates, both sexes for 2012
From Ferlay J, Ervik M, Dikshit R, et al. GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 11 [Internet]. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2013. Available at: http://globocan.iarc.fr. Accessed on October 11, 2014; with permission.
Figure 2
Figure 2. The precancerous cascade
Prolonged gastric inflammation resulting from chronic H. pylori infection causes epithelial damage that leads to gastric atrophy, characterized by loss of parietal cells and chief cells and glandular atrophy. The gastric epithelium is then replaced by intestinal metaplasia, followed by foci of low-grade dysplasia, which can later develop to high-grade dysplasia that can later become adenocarcinomas.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Tumor location dictates the anatomic classification and histopathological characteristics
A. GC classification according to anatomic locations. B. Hematoxylin and Eosin stained Intestinal Type Non-Cardia Gastric Cancer. C. Hematoxylin and Eosin stained Diffuse Type Non-Cardia Gastric Cancer.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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