Racial differences in heritability of cigarette smoking in adolescents and young adults

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.028

. 2016 Sep 1:166:75-84.

doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.028. Epub 2016 Jul 2.

Racial differences in heritability of cigarette smoking in adolescents and young adults

Cristina B Bares¹, Kenneth S Kendler², Hermine H M Maes³

Affiliations

¹ 1080 S. University, School of Social Work, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States. Electronic address: cbb@umich.edu.
² 800 E. Leigh Street, Department of Psychiatry and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, United States.
³ 800 E. Leigh Street, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, United States.

PMID: 27427414
PMCID: PMC4983522
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.028

Racial differences in heritability of cigarette smoking in adolescents and young adults

Cristina B Bares et al. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016.

. 2016 Sep 1:166:75-84.

doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.028. Epub 2016 Jul 2.

Authors

Cristina B Bares¹, Kenneth S Kendler², Hermine H M Maes³

Affiliations

¹ 1080 S. University, School of Social Work, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States. Electronic address: cbb@umich.edu.
² 800 E. Leigh Street, Department of Psychiatry and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, United States.
³ 800 E. Leigh Street, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, United States.

PMID: 27427414
PMCID: PMC4983522
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.028

Abstract

Introduction: Although epidemiologic studies suggest low levels of cigarette use among African American adolescents relative to White U.S. adolescents, it is not known whether this may be due to racial differences in the relative contribution of genes and environment to cigarette use initiation and progression to regular use.

Methods: Using data from White (n=2665) and African American (n=809) twins and full siblings sampled in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescents, we fitted age-, sex- and race-specific variance decomposition models to estimate the magnitude of genetic and environmental effects on cigarette use initiation and cigarette use quantity in Whites and African Americans across adolescence and adulthood. We employ a causal-contingent-common pathway model to estimate the amount of variance explained in quantity of cigarettes smoked contingent on cigarette use initiation.

Results: African Americans had lower cigarette use prevalence from adolescence through adulthood, and used cigarettes less heavily than Whites. Race-specific causal-contingent-common pathway models indicate that racial differences in genetic and environmental contributions to cigarette use initiation and cigarette use quantities are not present in adolescence but appear in young adulthood. Additive genetic factors were an important risk factor for cigarette use initiation for White but not African American young adults and adults.

Conclusions: Genetic and environmental contributions for cigarette use are similar by race in adolescence. In adulthood, genes have a stronger influence for cigarette use among White adolescents while the influence of the environment is minimal. For African Americans, both genetic and environmental influences are important in young adulthood and adulthood.

Keywords: Adolescents; African american; Behavioral genetics; Cigarette use initiation; Cigarette use quantity; Heterogeneity.

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References

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1. Bachman JG, O'Malley PM, Johnston LD, Schulenberg JE, Wallace JM. Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Relationship Between Parental Education and Substance Use Among U.S. 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-Grade Students: Findings From the Monitoring the Future Project. J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs. 2011;72:279–285. - PMC - PubMed
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[1] Advani PS, Reitzel LR, Nguyen NT, Fisher FD, Savoy EJ, Cuevas AG, Wetter DW, McNeill LH. Financial Strain and Cancer Risk Behaviors among African Americans. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 2014;23:967–975. - PMC - PubMed

[2] Advani PS, Reitzel LR, Nguyen NT, Fisher FD, Savoy EJ, Cuevas AG, Wetter DW, McNeill LH. Financial Strain and Cancer Risk Behaviors among African Americans. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 2014;23:967–975. - PMC - PubMed

[3] Anderson C, Burns DM. Patterns of adolescent smoking initiation rates by ethnicity and sex. Tob. Control. 2000;9(Suppl 2):Ii4–8. - PMC - PubMed

[4] Anderson C, Burns DM. Patterns of adolescent smoking initiation rates by ethnicity and sex. Tob. Control. 2000;9(Suppl 2):Ii4–8. - PMC - PubMed

[5] Apelberg BJ, Hepp LM, Avila-Tang E, Kim S, Madsen C, Ma JM, Samet JM, Breysse PN. Racial Differences in Hair Nicotine Concentrations Among Smokers. Nicotine Tob. Res. 2012;14:933–941. - PubMed

[6] Apelberg BJ, Hepp LM, Avila-Tang E, Kim S, Madsen C, Ma JM, Samet JM, Breysse PN. Racial Differences in Hair Nicotine Concentrations Among Smokers. Nicotine Tob. Res. 2012;14:933–941. - PubMed

[7] Bachman JG, O'Malley PM, Johnston LD, Schulenberg JE, Wallace JM. Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Relationship Between Parental Education and Substance Use Among U.S. 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-Grade Students: Findings From the Monitoring the Future Project. J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs. 2011;72:279–285. - PMC - PubMed

[8] Bachman JG, O'Malley PM, Johnston LD, Schulenberg JE, Wallace JM. Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Relationship Between Parental Education and Substance Use Among U.S. 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-Grade Students: Findings From the Monitoring the Future Project. J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs. 2011;72:279–285. - PMC - PubMed

[9] Bachman JG, Wallace JM, Jr, O'Malley PM, Johnston LD, Kurth CL, Neighbors HW. Racial/Ethnic differences in smoking, drinking, and illicit drug use among American high school seniors, 1976-89. Am. J. Public Health. 1991;81:372–377. - PMC - PubMed

[10] Bachman JG, Wallace JM, Jr, O'Malley PM, Johnston LD, Kurth CL, Neighbors HW. Racial/Ethnic differences in smoking, drinking, and illicit drug use among American high school seniors, 1976-89. Am. J. Public Health. 1991;81:372–377. - PMC - PubMed

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Racial differences in heritability of cigarette smoking in adolescents and young adults

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Racial differences in heritability of cigarette smoking in adolescents and young adults

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