Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2016 Jun;4(12):e12835.
doi: 10.14814/phy2.12835.

Measuring the short-term substrate utilization response to high-carbohydrate and high-fat meals in the whole-body indirect calorimeter

Andrei Gribok  1 , Jayme L Leger  2 , Michelle Stevens  2 , Reed Hoyt  3 , Mark Buller  3 , William Rumpler  2
Affiliations

Measuring the short-term substrate utilization response to high-carbohydrate and high-fat meals in the whole-body indirect calorimeter

Andrei Gribok et al. Physiol Rep. 2016 Jun.

Abstract

The paper demonstrates that minute-to-minute metabolic response to meals with different macronutrient content can be measured and discerned in the whole-body indirect calorimeter. The ability to discriminate between high-carbohydrate and high-fat meals is achieved by applying a modified regularization technique with additional constraints imposed on oxygen consumption rate. These additional constraints reduce the differences in accuracy between the oxygen and carbon dioxide analyzers. The modified technique was applied to 63 calorimeter sessions that were each 24 h long. The data were collected from 16 healthy volunteers (eight males, eight females, aged 22-35 years). Each volunteer performed four 24-h long calorimeter sessions. At each session, they received one of four treatment combinations involving exercise (high or low intensity) and diet (a high-fat or high-carbohydrate shake for lunch). One volunteer did not complete all four assignments, which brought the total number of sessions to 63 instead of 64. During the 24-h stay in the calorimeter, subjects wore a continuous glucose monitoring system, which was used as a benchmark for subject's postprandial glycemic response. The minute-by-minute respiratory exchange ratio (RER) data showed excellent agreement with concurrent subcutaneous glucose concentrations in postprandial state. The averaged minute-to-minute RER response to the high-carbohydrate shake was significantly different from the response to high-fat shake. Also, postprandial RER slopes were significantly different for two dietary treatments. The results show that whole-body respiration calorimeters can be utilized as tools to study short-term kinetics of substrate oxidation in humans.

Keywords: Indirect calorimetry; metabolic flexibility; regularization.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Concurrent time series data for four treatment combinations used in the study. A‐low intensity/high fat, B‐high intensity/high fat, C‐low intensity/high carb, D‐high intensity/high carb.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Concurrent data for treatment combination D, high intensity/high carb.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Exercise period for treatment combination D, high intensity/high carb.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) values along with 95% pointwise confidence intervals (CI). B‐high intensity/high fat, C‐low intensity/high carb, D‐high intensity/high carb.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) values along with 95% pointwise confidence intervals (CI). A‐low intensity/high fat, C‐low intensity/high carb, D‐high intensity/high carb.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) values along with 95% pointwise confidence intervals (CI). A‐low intensity/high fat, B‐high intensity/high fat, C‐low intensity/high carb, D‐high intensity/high carb.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Slope of RER following the treatment lunch. p = 0.0059; HC, high carbohydrate; HF, high fat, RER, respiratory exchange ratio. The error bars are the standard errors of the means. The units of the RER's slope is changes in RER per minute.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Battaglia, G. M. , Zheng D., Hickner R. C., and Houmard J. A.. 2012. Effect of exercise training on metabolic flexibility in response to a high‐fat diet in obese individuals. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 303:E1440–E1445. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Beaver, W. L. , Wasserman K., and Whipp B. J.. 1986. A new method for detecting anaerobic threshold by gas exchange. J. Appl. Physiol. 60:2020–2027. - PubMed
    1. Bergouignan, A. , Antoun E., Momken I., Schoeller D. A., Gauquelin‐Koch G., Simon C., et al. 2013. Effect of contrasted levels of habitual physical activity on metabolic flexibility. J. Appl. Physiol. 114:371–379. - PubMed
    1. Brown, D. , Cole T. J., Dauncey M. J., Marrs R. W., and Murgatroyd P. R.. 1984. Analysis of gaseous exchange in open‐circuit indirect calorimetry. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 22:333–338. - PubMed
    1. Brychta, R. J. , Rothney M. P., Skarulis M. C., and Chen K. Y.. 2009. Optimizing energy expenditure detection in human metabolic chambers. Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. 6864–6868:2009. - PMC - PubMed