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Review
. 2016:2016:8641373.
doi: 10.1155/2016/8641373. Epub 2016 May 25.

Characterization of Cellulose Synthesis in Plant Cells

Samaneh Sadat Maleki  1 , Kourosh Mohammadi  1 , Kong-Shu Ji  1
Affiliations
Review

Characterization of Cellulose Synthesis in Plant Cells

Samaneh Sadat Maleki et al. ScientificWorldJournal. 2016.

Abstract

Cellulose is the most significant structural component of plant cell wall. Cellulose, polysaccharide containing repeated unbranched β (1-4) D-glucose units, is synthesized at the plasma membrane by the cellulose synthase complex (CSC) from bacteria to plants. The CSC is involved in biosynthesis of cellulose microfibrils containing 18 cellulose synthase (CesA) proteins. Macrofibrils can be formed with side by side arrangement of microfibrils. In addition, beside CesA, various proteins like the KORRIGAN, sucrose synthase, cytoskeletal components, and COBRA-like proteins have been involved in cellulose biosynthesis. Understanding the mechanisms of cellulose biosynthesis is of great importance not only for improving wood production in economically important forest trees to mankind but also for plant development. This review article covers the current knowledge about the cellulose biosynthesis-related gene family.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Model for structure of CesA proteins (right) shows a conserved zinc finger domain (ZN) and a hyper variable region (HVRΙ) near N-ter of TM1-2 and short C ter of TM3–8 and central hypervariable region (HVRΙΙ), plant-specific conserved region (P-CR), and class specific region (CSR); position of the processive glycosyltransferase motif D,D,D,QXXRW. Plant's cellulose biosynthesis (left). The plasma membrane-associated sucrose synthase (SuSy) channels uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDP-G) substrate to form rosette and glucan chain formation, the UDP formed can be recycled back to SuSy, and Korrigan cellulase (Kor) has been involved in monitoring of cellulose synthesis. Microtubules (MT) play role to regulate CesA proteins trafficking [2, 54, 72].
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