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. 2016 Mar;13(3):2506-10.
doi: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4812. Epub 2016 Jan 27.

Ultraviolet light-emitting diode irradiation-induced cell death in HL-60 human leukemia cells in vitro

Dong Xie  1 , Yan Sun  1 , Lingzhen Wang  1 , Xiaoling Li  2 , Chuannong Zang  3 , Yunlai Zhi  4 , Lirong Sun  1
Affiliations

Ultraviolet light-emitting diode irradiation-induced cell death in HL-60 human leukemia cells in vitro

Dong Xie et al. Mol Med Rep. 2016 Mar.

Abstract

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is considered to be a potent cell-damaging agent in various cell lineages; however, the effect of UV light‑emitting diode (LED) irradiation on human cells remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of UV LED irradiation emitting at 280 nm on cultured HL‑60 human leukemia cells, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. HL‑60 cells were irradiated with UV LED (8, 15, 30 and 60 J/m2) and incubated for 2 h after irradiation. The rates of cell proliferation and apoptosis, the cell cycle profiles and the mRNA expression of B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) were detected using cell counting kit‑8, multicaspase assays, propidium iodide staining and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The results showed that UV LED irradiation (8‑60 J/m2) inhibited the proliferation of HL‑60 cells in a dose‑dependent manner. UV LED at 8‑30 J/m2 induced dose‑dependent apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and inhibited the expression of Bcl‑2 mRNA, while UV LED at 60 J/m2 induced necrosis. In conclusion, 280 nm UV LED irradiation inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and necrosis in cultured HL‑60 cells. In addition, the cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and the downregulation of Bcl‑2 mRNA expression were shown to be involved in UV LED-induced apoptosis.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Morphological characteristics of cultured HL-60 cells. HL-60 cells were irradiated with (A) 0, (B) 8, (C) 15, (D) 30 and (E) 60 J/m2 ultraviolet light-emitting diode irradiation and incubated for 2 h. Magnification, ×200.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Ultraviolet light-emitting diode irradiation inhibits the proliferation of HL-60 cells in a dose-dependent manner. P<0.05 for all pairwise comparisons.
Figure 3
Figure 3
UV LED irradiation induces apoptotic and necrotic death in HL-60 cells. HL-60 cells were irradiated with (A) 0, (B) 8, (C) 15, (D) 30 and (E) 60 J/m2 and incubated for 2 h. The four quadrants show the following: Lower left, viable cells; lower right, early apoptotic cells; upper right, late apoptotic cells; upper left, necrotic cells. (F) Percentage of apoptotic and necrotic HL-60 cells exposed to UV LED irradiation. P<0.01 for multiple pairwise comparisons of apoptotic rate within the range of 0–30 J/m2. *P<0.01 vs. 30 and 60 J/m2; **P<0.01 vs. 0, 8, 15 and 30 J/m2. UV LED, ultraviolet light-emitting diode irradiation.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Cell cycle analysis of HL-60 cells determined by flow cytometry. HL-60 cells were irradiated with (A) 0, (B) 8, (C) 15 and (D) 30 J/m2, and incubated for 2 h. The percentages of HL-60 cells in the G0/G1 phase were 27.18, 30.74, 38.23 and 54.72%, respectively. (E) UV LED irradiation induces dose-dependent G0/G1 arrest of HL-60 cells. P<0.05 for multiple pairwise comparisons.
Figure 5
Figure 5
UV LED irradiation induces dose-dependent inhibition of the mRNA expression of Bcl-2. The relative mRNA expression of Bcl-2 was compared with that of untreated cells (taken as 1). *P<0.01 vs. the control group. UV LED, ultraviolet light-emitting diode irradiation.
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