"With a Little Help from My Friends"-Social Motility in Trypanosoma brucei

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005272

Review

. 2015 Dec 17;11(12):e1005272.

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005272. eCollection 2015 Dec.

"With a Little Help from My Friends"-Social Motility in Trypanosoma brucei

Edwin A Saada¹, Stephanie F DeMarco^{1

2}, Michelle M Shimogawa¹, Kent L Hill^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
² Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.

PMID: 26679190
PMCID: PMC4683075
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005272

Review

"With a Little Help from My Friends"-Social Motility in Trypanosoma brucei

Edwin A Saada et al. PLoS Pathog. 2015.

. 2015 Dec 17;11(12):e1005272.

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005272. eCollection 2015 Dec.

Authors

Edwin A Saada¹, Stephanie F DeMarco^{1

2}, Michelle M Shimogawa¹, Kent L Hill^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
² Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.

PMID: 26679190
PMCID: PMC4683075
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005272

No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

**Fig 1. Trypanosomes are social.**
Trypanosome cell–cell interactions operate in bloodstream and insect stage parasites. In the bloodstream, “long slender form” parasites (red) differentiate into growth-arrested “short stumpy forms” (purple) through a quorum sensing-mediated mechanism. Stumpy parasites are pre-adapted for the tsetse fly environment and the transition thus establishes transmission competence, while also limiting bloodstream parasitemia [52,53]. Procyclic T. *brucei* (insect midgut stage, blue) undergo social motility when cultivated on semi-solid surfaces, using cell–cell signaling to promote collective motility across the surface and coordinating their movements in response to extracellular signals from nearby parasites. This leads to formation of radial projections that extend outward from the initial site of inoculation [8]. These activities are hypothesized to support colonization and/or transit of tissue surfaces in the fly. Beyond their direct impact on understanding parasite development, recent studies of stumpy formation and social motility have provided insight into parasite signal transduction. See text for details.

**Fig 2. Regulation of social motility.**
**(A)** Three alternate models for regulation of social motility. (Left) Elevated cAMP at the flagellum tip (red) in response to regulation of tip-localized adenylate cyclase and the transition from early to late procyclics independently inhibit SoMo. (Middle) Elevated cAMP at the flagellum tip triggers the transition from early to late procyclics, which then inhibits SoMo. (Right) Development into late procyclics triggers elevated cAMP at the flagellum tip, which is then the inhibitory signal. **(B)** In addition to the known cAMP signaling systems that control SoMo (red), the trypanosome flagellum harbors several predicted signaling systems, e.g., ion transporters, kinases, additional ACs, and other receptor-like proteins [50,51] whose functions await discovery.

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References

1. Shapiro JA. 1998. Thinking about bacterial populations as multicellular organisms. Annu Rev Microbiol 52:81–104. - PubMed
1. Bassler BL, Losick R. 2006. Bacterially speaking. Cell 125:237–246. - PubMed
1. Kaiser D. 2003. Coupling cell movement to multicellular development in myxobacteria. Nat Rev Microbiol 1:45–54. - PubMed
1. Shaulsky G, Kessin RH. 2007. The cold war of the social amoebae. Current Biology 17:R684–692. - PubMed
1. Harshey RM. 2003. Bacterial motility on a surface: many ways to a common goal. Annu Rev Microbiol 57:249–273. - PubMed

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[1] Shapiro JA. 1998. Thinking about bacterial populations as multicellular organisms. Annu Rev Microbiol 52:81–104. - PubMed

[2] Shapiro JA. 1998. Thinking about bacterial populations as multicellular organisms. Annu Rev Microbiol 52:81–104. - PubMed

[3] Bassler BL, Losick R. 2006. Bacterially speaking. Cell 125:237–246. - PubMed

[4] Bassler BL, Losick R. 2006. Bacterially speaking. Cell 125:237–246. - PubMed

[5] Kaiser D. 2003. Coupling cell movement to multicellular development in myxobacteria. Nat Rev Microbiol 1:45–54. - PubMed

[6] Kaiser D. 2003. Coupling cell movement to multicellular development in myxobacteria. Nat Rev Microbiol 1:45–54. - PubMed

[7] Shaulsky G, Kessin RH. 2007. The cold war of the social amoebae. Current Biology 17:R684–692. - PubMed

[8] Shaulsky G, Kessin RH. 2007. The cold war of the social amoebae. Current Biology 17:R684–692. - PubMed

[9] Harshey RM. 2003. Bacterial motility on a surface: many ways to a common goal. Annu Rev Microbiol 57:249–273. - PubMed

[10] Harshey RM. 2003. Bacterial motility on a surface: many ways to a common goal. Annu Rev Microbiol 57:249–273. - PubMed

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"With a Little Help from My Friends"-Social Motility in Trypanosoma brucei

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"With a Little Help from My Friends"-Social Motility in Trypanosoma brucei

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