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Review
. 2015 Oct 6:4:28.
doi: 10.1186/s40164-015-0024-z. eCollection 2015.

GATA family transcriptional factors: emerging suspects in hematologic disorders

Juehua Gao  1 , Yi-Hua Chen  1 , LoAnn C Peterson  1
Affiliations
Review

GATA family transcriptional factors: emerging suspects in hematologic disorders

Juehua Gao et al. Exp Hematol Oncol. .

Abstract

GATA transcription factors are zinc finger DNA binding proteins that regulate transcription during development and cell differentiation. The three important GATA transcription factors GATA1, GATA2 and GATA3 play essential roles in the development and maintenance of hematopoietic systems. GATA1 is required for the erythroid and megakaryocytic commitment during hematopoiesis. GATA2 is crucial for the proliferation and survival of early hematopoietic cells, and is also involved in lineage specific transcriptional regulation as the dynamic partner of GATA1. GATA3 plays an essential role in T lymphoid cell development and immune regulation. As a result, mutations in genes encoding the GATA transcription factors or alteration in the protein expression level or their function have been linked to a variety of human hematologic disorders. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge regarding the disrupted biologic function of GATA in various hematologic disorders.

Keywords: GATA; Hematologic disorder; Transcription factor.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The full length GATA1 protein contains a solitary “N terminal activation domain” (AD) and the two Zinc finger domains (N-ZF, C-ZF). The N terminal zinc finger interacts with cofactor FOG1 and increase the binding affinity to complex DNA motifs. The C terminal zinc finger binds to specific DNA motif “WGATAR”. The short isoform GATA1 protein is the transcriptional product from the shorter splice variant which results in the absence of “N terminal activation domain”. GATA2 and GATA3 encode full length proteins contain two transactivation domains (TA1 and TA2) which contain binding sites for other proteins such as transcription coregulators. The N-terminal Zn finger (N-ZF1) is known to stabilize DNA binding and interact with other zinc finger proteins, whereas the C-terminal Zn finger (C-ZF) binds DNA
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