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Review
. 2015 Sep 30;2015(9):CD006536.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006536.pub4.

Stem cell treatment for acute myocardial infarction

Sheila A Fisher  1 , Huajun Zhang, Carolyn Doree, Anthony Mathur, Enca Martin-Rendon
Affiliations
Review

Stem cell treatment for acute myocardial infarction

Sheila A Fisher et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Cell transplantation offers a potential therapeutic approach to the repair and regeneration of damaged vascular and cardiac tissue after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This has resulted in multiple randomised controlled trials (RCTs) across the world.

Objectives: To determine the safety and efficacy of autologous adult bone marrow stem cells as a treatment for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), focusing on clinical outcomes.

Search methods: This Cochrane review is an update of a previous version (published in 2012). We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2015, Issue 2), MEDLINE (1950 to March 2015), EMBASE (1974 to March 2015), CINAHL (1982 to March 2015) and the Transfusion Evidence Library (1980 to March 2015). In addition, we searched several international and ongoing trial databases in March 2015 and handsearched relevant conference proceedings to January 2011.

Selection criteria: RCTs comparing autologous bone marrow-derived cells with no cells in patients diagnosed with AMI were eligible.

Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently screened all references, assessed the risk of bias of the included trials and extracted data. We conducted meta-analyses using random-effects models throughout. We analysed outcomes at short-term (less than 12 months) and long-term (12 months or more) follow-up. Dichotomous outcomes are reported as risk ratio (RR) and continuous outcomes are reported as mean difference (MD) or standardised MD (SMD). We performed sensitivity analyses to evaluate the results in the context of the risk of selection, performance and attrition bias. Exploratory subgroup analysis investigated the effects of baseline cardiac function (left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF) and cell dose, type and timing of administration, as well as the use of heparin in the final cell solution.

Main results: Forty-one RCTs with a total of 2732 participants (1564 cell therapy, 1168 controls) were eligible for inclusion. Cell treatment was not associated with any changes in the risk of all-cause mortality (34/538 versus 32/458; RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.50; 996 participants; 14 studies; moderate quality evidence), cardiovascular mortality (23/277 versus 18/250; RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.99; 527 participants; nine studies; moderate quality evidence) or a composite measure of mortality, reinfarction and re-hospitalisation for heart failure (24/262 versus 33/235; RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.10; 497 participants; six studies; moderate quality evidence) at long-term follow-up. Statistical heterogeneity was low (I(2) = 0% to 12%). Serious periprocedural adverse events were rare and were generally unlikely to be related to cell therapy. Additionally, cell therapy had no effect on morbidity, quality of life/performance or LVEF measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Meta-analyses of LVEF measured by echocardiography, single photon emission computed tomography and left ventricular angiography showed evidence of differences in mean LVEF between treatment groups although the mean differences ranged between 2% and 5%, which are accepted not to be clinically relevant. Results were robust to the risk of selection, performance and attrition bias from individual studies.

Authors' conclusions: The results of this review suggest that there is insufficient evidence for a beneficial effect of cell therapy for AMI patients. However, most of the evidence comes from small trials that showed no difference in clinically relevant outcomes. Further adequately powered trials are needed and until then the efficacy of this intervention remains unproven.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Sheila Fisher: none known.

Huajun Zhang: none known.

Carolyn Doree: none known.

Anthony Mathur: none known.

Enca Martin‐Rendon: none known.

Figures

1
1
Study flow diagram.
2
2
Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Cells compared to no cells, outcome: 1.1 All‐cause mortality.
3
3
Trial sequential analysis of all‐cause mortality at long term follow‐up, assuming a long‐term mortality incidence rate of 6.1% in controls and a relative risk reduction of 35% in cell therapy patients
4
4
'Risk of bias' summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 1 All‐cause mortality.
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 2 Cardiovascular mortality.
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 3 Composite measure of death, reinfarction, re‐hospitalisation for heart failure.
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 4 Incidence of reinfarction.
1.5
1.5. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 5 Incidence of re‐hospitalisation for heart failure.
1.6
1.6. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 6 Incidence of target vessel revascularisation.
1.7
1.7. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 7 Incidence of arrhythmias.
1.8
1.8. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 8 Incidence of restenosis.
1.9
1.9. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 9 Quality of life measures.
1.10
1.10. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 10 NYHA classification.
1.11
1.11. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 11 Exercise tolerance.
1.12
1.12. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 12 Maximum VO2 (mL/kg/min).
1.13
1.13. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 13 VE/VCO2 slope.
1.14
1.14. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 14 Peak heart rate (bpm).
1.15
1.15. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 15 LVEF measured by MRI (<12 months).
1.16
1.16. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 16 LVEF measured by MRI (≥ 12 months).
1.17
1.17. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 17 LVEF measured by echocardiography (< 12 months).
1.18
1.18. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 18 LVEF measured by echocardiography (≥12 months).
1.19
1.19. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 19 LVEF measured by SPECT (< 12 months).
1.20
1.20. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 20 LVEF measured by SPECT (≥ 12 months).
1.21
1.21. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 21 LVEF measured by left ventricular angiography (< 12 months).
1.22
1.22. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 22 LVEF measured by left ventricular angiography (≥ 12 months).
1.23
1.23. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 23 LVEF measured by radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) (<12 months).
1.24
1.24. Analysis
Comparison 1 Cells compared to no cells, Outcome 24 LVEF measured by radionuclide ventriculography (≥ 12 months).
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2 Sensitivity analysis ‐ route of cell delivery, Outcome 1 All‐cause mortality (< 12 months).
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3 Sensitivity analysis ‐ selection bias, Outcome 1 All‐cause mortality (< 12 months).
4.1
4.1. Analysis
Comparison 4 Sensitivity analysis ‐ attrition bias, Outcome 1 All‐cause mortality (< 12 months).
4.2
4.2. Analysis
Comparison 4 Sensitivity analysis ‐ attrition bias, Outcome 2 All‐cause mortality (≥ 12 months).
4.3
4.3. Analysis
Comparison 4 Sensitivity analysis ‐ attrition bias, Outcome 3 Cardiovascular mortality (< 12 months).
4.4
4.4. Analysis
Comparison 4 Sensitivity analysis ‐ attrition bias, Outcome 4 Cardiovascular mortality (≥ 12 months).
5.1
5.1. Analysis
Comparison 5 Sensitivity analysis ‐ performance bias, Outcome 1 All‐cause mortality (< 12 months).
5.2
5.2. Analysis
Comparison 5 Sensitivity analysis ‐ performance bias, Outcome 2 All‐cause mortality (≥ 12 months).
6.1
6.1. Analysis
Comparison 6 Subgroup analysis ‐ baseline LVEF measured by MRI, Outcome 1 All‐cause mortality (< 12 months).
6.2
6.2. Analysis
Comparison 6 Subgroup analysis ‐ baseline LVEF measured by MRI, Outcome 2 All‐cause mortality (≥ 12 months).
6.3
6.3. Analysis
Comparison 6 Subgroup analysis ‐ baseline LVEF measured by MRI, Outcome 3 LVEF measured by MRI (< 12 months).
6.4
6.4. Analysis
Comparison 6 Subgroup analysis ‐ baseline LVEF measured by MRI, Outcome 4 LVEF measured by MRI (≥ 12 months).
7.1
7.1. Analysis
Comparison 7 Subgroup analysis ‐ cell type, Outcome 1 All‐cause mortality (< 12 months).
7.2
7.2. Analysis
Comparison 7 Subgroup analysis ‐ cell type, Outcome 2 All‐cause mortality (≥ 12 months).
8.1
8.1. Analysis
Comparison 8 Subgroup analysis ‐ dose of stem cells, Outcome 1 All‐cause mortality (< 12 months).
8.2
8.2. Analysis
Comparison 8 Subgroup analysis ‐ dose of stem cells, Outcome 2 All‐cause mortality (≥ 12 months).
8.3
8.3. Analysis
Comparison 8 Subgroup analysis ‐ dose of stem cells, Outcome 3 LVEF measured by MRI (< 12 months).
8.4
8.4. Analysis
Comparison 8 Subgroup analysis ‐ dose of stem cells, Outcome 4 LVEF measured by MRI (≥ 12 months).
8.5
8.5. Analysis
Comparison 8 Subgroup analysis ‐ dose of stem cells, Outcome 5 LVEF measured by left ventricular angiography (< 12 months).
9.1
9.1. Analysis
Comparison 9 Subgroup analysis ‐ timing of cell administration, Outcome 1 All‐cause mortality (< 12 months).
9.2
9.2. Analysis
Comparison 9 Subgroup analysis ‐ timing of cell administration, Outcome 2 All‐cause mortality (≥ 12 months).
9.3
9.3. Analysis
Comparison 9 Subgroup analysis ‐ timing of cell administration, Outcome 3 LVEF measured by MRI (< 12 months).
9.4
9.4. Analysis
Comparison 9 Subgroup analysis ‐ timing of cell administration, Outcome 4 LVEF measured by MRI (≥ 12 months).
9.5
9.5. Analysis
Comparison 9 Subgroup analysis ‐ timing of cell administration, Outcome 5 LVEF measured by left ventricular angiography (< 12 months).
10.1
10.1. Analysis
Comparison 10 Subgroup analysis ‐ heparinised cell solution, Outcome 1 All‐cause mortality (< 12 months).
10.2
10.2. Analysis
Comparison 10 Subgroup analysis ‐ heparinised cell solution, Outcome 2 All‐cause mortality (≥ 12 months).
10.3
10.3. Analysis
Comparison 10 Subgroup analysis ‐ heparinised cell solution, Outcome 3 LVEF measured by MRI (< 12 months).
10.4
10.4. Analysis
Comparison 10 Subgroup analysis ‐ heparinised cell solution, Outcome 4 LVEF measured by MRI (≥ 12 months).
10.5
10.5. Analysis
Comparison 10 Subgroup analysis ‐ heparinised cell solution, Outcome 5 LVEF measured by left ventricular angiography (< 12 months).
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References

References to studies included in this review

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    1. Moreira RC, Haddad AF, Silva SA, Souza AL, Tuche FA, Oliveira MA, et al. Intracoronary stem‐cell injection after myocardial infarction: microcirculation sub‐study. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia 2011;97(5):420‐6. - PubMed
    1. NCT00350766. Cell therapy in myocardial infarction (EMRTCC). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00350766 (accessed 11 March 2015).
    1. Nogueira FB, Silva SA, Haddad AF, Peixoto CM, Carvalho RM, Tuche FA, et al. Systolic function of patients with myocardial infarction undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia 2009;93(4):374‐9. - PubMed
    1. Silva SA, Sousa Al, Haddad AF, Azevedo JC, Soares VE, Peixoto CM, et al. Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation after acute myocardial infarction: comparison of two delivery techniques. Cell Transplantation 2009;18(3):343‐52. - PubMed
Penicka 2007 {published data only}
    1. Horak J, Penicka M, Kobylka P, Ascheremann M, Linhart A, Skalicka H, et al. Effectivity and safety of intracoronary autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation in large anterior myocardial infarction ‐ a randomized study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2007;49(9 (Suppl A)):201A. - PubMed
    1. Penicka M. Intracoronary stem cells in large myocardial infarction. www.ClinicalTrials.gov. 2006 (accessed by 31 January 2011). [NCT00389545]
    1. Penicka M, Horak J, Kobylka P, Pytlik R, Kozak T, Belohlavek O, et al. Intracoronary injection of autologous bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cells in patients with large anterior acute myocardial infarction. A prematurely terminated randomised study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2007;49(24):2373‐4. - PubMed
    1. Skalicka H, Horak J, Kobylka P, Palecek T, Linhart A, Aschermann M. Intracoronary injection of autologous bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cells in patients with large anterior acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction: a 24‐month follow up study. Bratislavske Lekarske Listy 2012;113(4):220‐7. - PubMed
Piepoli 2010 {published data only}
    1. Malagoli A, Piepoli M, Armentano C, Vallisa D, Arbasi M, Rossi A, et al. Acute myocardial infarction: long term echocardiographic remodeling after bone marrow cell transplantation. [ESC Congress 2010, Stockholm, Sweden. 28 August ‐ 1 September 2010]. European Heart Journal 2010;31:735.
    1. Malagoli A, Piepoli MF, Armentano C, Vallisa D, Arbasi MC, Rossi A, et al. Bone marrow cell transplantation in patients after acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction: long term effects on heart function and remodeling. [Heart Failure 2010 Congress, Berlin, Germany. 29 May ‐ 1 June 2010]. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2010; Vol. 9:S97‐8.
    1. NCT00437710. Safety and efficacy of bone marrow cell transplantation in humans myocardial infarction (CARDIAC). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00437710 (accessed 11 March 2015).
    1. Piepoli MF, Vallisa D, Arbasi C, Cavanna L, Cerri L, Mori M, Passerini F, et al. 2 year follow‐up results of the CARDIAC (CARDIomyoplasty by Autologous intraCoronary bone marrow in acute myocardial infarction) randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Cardiology 2013;168(5):e132. - PubMed
    1. Piepoli MF, Vallisa D, Arbasi M, Cavanna L, Cerri L, Mori M, et al. Bone marrow cell transplantation improves cardiac, autonomic and functional indexes in acute anterior myocardial infarction patients (Cardiac study). European Journal of Heart Failure 2010;12(2):172‐80. - PubMed
Plewka 2009 {published data only}
    1. Lipiec P, Kreminska‐Paluka M, Plewka M, Kusmierek J, Plachcinska A, Szuminski R, et al. Impact of intracoronary injection of mononuclear bone marrow cells in acute myocardial infarction on left ventricular perfusion and function: a 6‐month follow‐up gated 99mTc‐MiBi single‐photon emission computed tomography study. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2009;36(4):587‐93. - PubMed
    1. Plewka M, Krzeminska‐Pakula M, Lipiec P, Peruga JZ, Jezewski T, Kidawa M, et al. Clinical 2‐years outcome after intracoronary injection of mononuclear bone marrow stem cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction. [European Society of Cardiology, ESC Congress 2010, Stockholm, Sweden. 28 August ‐ 1 September 2010]. European Heart Journal 2010;31:1045‐6.
    1. Plewka M, Krzeminska‐Pakula M, Lipiec P, Peruga JZ, KJezewski T, Kidawa M, et al. Effect of intracoronary injection of mononuclear bone marrow stem cels on left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction. American Journal of Cardiology 2009;104(10):1336‐42. - PubMed
    1. Plewka M, Krzeminska‐Pakula M, Peruga JZ, Lipiec P, Kurpesa M, Wierzbowska‐Drabik K, et al. The effects of intracoronary delivery of mononuclear bone marrow cells in patients with myocardial infarction: a two year follow‐up results. Kardiologia Polska 2011;69(12):1234‐40. - PubMed
Quyyumi 2011 {published data only}
    1. Bhatti S, Hakeem A, Taylor M, Chung E, Quyyumi AA, Oshinski J, et al. MRI strain analysis as a novel modality for the assessment of myocardial function following stem cell therapy ‐ results from Amorcyte trial. [SCMR/Euro CMR Joint Scientific Sessions, Nice, France. 2‐6 February 2011]. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2011;13:2011.
    1. NCT00313339. Intra‐coronary infusion of bone marrow derived autologous CD34+ selected cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMR‐1). http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00313339 (accessed 11 March 2015). [NCT00313339]
    1. Quyyumi AA, Murrow JR, Esteves F, Galt J, Oshinski J, Lerakis S, et al. CD34+ infusion after ST elevation myocardial infarction is associated with improved perfusion. Journal of American College of Cardiology 2009;53(10):A327. - PubMed
    1. Quyyumi AA, Waller EK, Murrow J, Esteves F, Galt J, Oshinski J, et al. CD34+ cell infusion after ST‐elevation myocardial infarction is associated with improved perfusion and is dose dependent. American Heart Journal 2011;161(1):98‐105. - PubMed
Roncalli 2010 {published data only}
    1. Lamirault G, Bock E, Roncalli JH, Belle E, Piot C, Corvoisier P, et al. Sustained quality of life improvement after intracoronary injection of autologous bone marrow cells in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. [European Society of Cardiology, ESC Congress 2013, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 31 August ‐ 4 September 2013]. European Heart Journal 2013;34:277‐8.
    1. Tourneau T, Sportouch C, Foucher C, Delasalle B, Rosso J, Neuder Y, et al. Left ventricular morphological and mechanical remodeling after acute myocardial infarction in the BONAMI trial: An isotopic and echocardiographic study. [16th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Echocardiography, EUROECHO 2012, Athens, Greece. 5‐8 December 2012]. European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging 2012;13:i78‐9.
    1. Mouquet F, Roncalli J, Piot C, Trochu JN, Corvoisier P, Neuder V, et al. Autologous bone marrow mononucleated cell infusion for acute myocardial infarction in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction: Results of the BONAMI Trials (a multicenter randomized controlled trial). Circulation 2008;118(Suppl 18):S764.
    1. NCT00200707. BONAMI (BOne Marrow in Acute Myocardial Infarction). http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00200707 (accessed 11 March 2015). [NCT00200707]
    1. Roncalli J, Mouquet F, Piot C, Trochu JN, Corvoisier P, Neuder Y, et al. Intracoronary autologous mononucleated bone marrow cell infusion for acute myocardial infarction: results of the randomized multicenter BONAMI trial. European Heart Journal 2011;32(14):1748‐57. - PMC - PubMed
Ruan 2005 {published data only}
    1. Ruan W, Pan CZ, Huang GQ, Li YL, Ge JB, Shu XH, et al. Assessment of left ventricular segmental function after autologous bone marrow stem cells transplantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction by tissue tracking and strain imaging. Chinese Medical Journal 2005;118(14):1175‐81. - PubMed
Schachinger 2006 {published data only}
    1. Assmus B, Leistner DM, Schachinger V, Erbs S, Elsasser A, Haberbosch W, et al. Long‐term clinical outcome after intracoronary application of bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cells for acute myocardial infarction: migratory capacity of administered cells determines event‐free survival. European Heart Journal 2014;35(19):1275‐83. - PubMed
    1. Assmus B, Rolf A, Erbs A, Elsasser A, Haberbosch W, Hambrecht R, et al. Clinical outcome 2 years after intracoronary administration of bone marrow‐derived progenitor cells in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation: Heart Failure 2010;3(1):89‐96. - PubMed
    1. Assmus B, Schachinger V, Erbs S, Elsasser A, Haberbosch W, Hambrecht R, et al. Cell functionality of administered autologous bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cells predict 5‐year clinical outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction ‐ Results of the REPAIR‐AMI trial. [American Heart Association 2012 Scientific Sessions and Resuscitation Science Symposium, Los Angeles, CA United States. 3‐6 November 2012]. Circulation 2012;126(21 (Suppl 1)).
    1. Assmus B, Tonn T, Seeger FH, Yoo C‐H, Leistner D, Klotsche J, et al. Red blood cell contamination of the final cell product impairs the efficacy of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell therapy. Journal of American College of Cardiology 2010;55(13):1385‐94. - PubMed
    1. Dill T, Schachinger V, Rolf A, Mollmann S, Thiele H, Tillmanns H, et al. Intracoronary administration of bone marrow‐derived progenitor cells improves left ventricular function in patients at risk of adverse remodelling after acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction: Results of the reinfusion of enriched progenitor cells and infarct remodelling in acute myocardial infarction study (REPAIR‐AMI) cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study. American Heart Journal 2009;157(3):541‐7. - PubMed
Suarez de Lezo 2007 {published data only}
    1. Suarez de Lezo J, Herrera C, Pan M, Romero M, Pavlovic D, Segura J. Regenerative therapy in patients with a revascularised acute anterior myocardial infarction and depressed ventricular function. Revista Espanola De Cardiologia 2007;60(4):357‐65. - PubMed
Sürder 2013 {published data only}
    1. NCT00355186. SWiss Multicenter Intracoronary Stem Cells Study in Acute Myocardial Infarction (SWISS‐AMI). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00355186 (accessed 11 March 2015).
    1. Sürder D, Manka R, Cicero V, Moccetti T, Rufibach K, Soncin S, et al. Intracoronary injection of bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cells early or late after acute myocardial infarction: effects on global left ventricular function. Circulation 2013;127(19):1968‐79. - PubMed
    1. Sürder D, Manka R, Moccetti T, Rufibach K, Astori G, Cicero VL, et al. Results of the Swiss multicentre intracoronary stem cells study in acute myocardial infarction (Swiss AMI) trial. [American Heart Association 2012 Scientific Sessions and Rescitation Science Symposium, Los Angeles, CA United States, 3‐6 November 2012]. Circulation 2012;126(23):2783.
    1. Sürder D, Manka R, Turchetto L, Moccetti T, Erne P, Zuber M, et al. Intracoronary injection of bone marrow derived mononuclear cells, early or late after acute myocardial infarction: long‐term effects on global left ventricular function ‐ twelve months MRI and long‐term clinical results of the SWISS‐AMI trial. [26th Annual Symposium Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics, TCT2014, Washington, DC United States. 13‐17 September 2014]. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2014;64(11 Suppl 1):B45.
    1. Sürder D, Moccetti T, Astori G, Soldati G, Schwitter J, Erne P, et al. From SWISS‐AMI to CARDIASTIM ‐ translation of a clinical progenitor‐cell based protocol into GMP. [European Society of Cardiology, ESC Congress 2009, Barcelona, Spain, 29 August ‐ 2 September 2009]. European Heart Journal 2009;30:503.
Tendera 2009 {published data only}
    1. Bavry AA. Myocardial regeneration by intracoronary infusion of selected population of stem cells in acute myocardial infarction (REGENT). ACC Cardiosource Review Journal 2008;17(10):30.
    1. Chojnowska L, Kepka C, Demkow M, Chmielak Z, Kukula K, Dabrowski M, et al. Intracoronary administration of mononuclear bone marrow cells in acute STEMI: long‐term follow‐up. European Heart Journal 2007;28(Suppl 1):443.
    1. Kazmierski M, Wojakowski W, Michalewska‐Wludarczyk A, Ciosek J, Rychlik W, et al. Improvement of flow‐mediated dilatation in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with intracoronary infusion of CD34+CXCR4+ cells. [European Society of Cardiology, ESC Congress 2009, Barcelona, Spain. 29 August ‐ 2 September 2009]. European Heart Journal 2009;30:502.
    1. NCT00316381. Stem cell therapy to improve myocardial function in patients with acute myocardial infarction. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00316381 (accessed 11 March 2015).
    1. Tendera M. Myocardial regeneration by intracoronary infusion of selected population of stem cells in acute myocardial infarction (REGENT) randomized multicenter trial. Clinical Research in Cardiology 2008;97(12):853. - PubMed
Traverse 2010 {published data only}
    1. NCT00268307. Bone marrow stem cell infusion following a heart attack. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00268307 (accessed 11 March 2015). [NCT00268307]
    1. Traverse JH, McKenna DH, Harvey K, Jorgenso BC, Olson RE, Brostom N, et al. Results of a phase 1, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of bone marrow mononuclear stem cell administration in patients following ST‐elevation myocardial infarction. American Heart Journal 2010;160(3):428‐34. - PMC - PubMed
Traverse 2011 {published data only}
    1. Bhatnagar A, Johnston BH, Traverse JH, Henry TD, Pepine CJ, Willerson JT, et al. Patient and cell characteristics associated with clinical outcomes in the CCTRN LateTime trial. [American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions and Resuscitation Science Symposium, Chicago, IL United States. 15‐18 November 2014]. Circulation 2014;130.
    1. Henry TD, Traverse JH, Pepine CJ, Willerson JT, Ellis S, Zhao DX, et al. Results from lateTIME: a randomized, placebo controlled trial of intracoronary stem cell delivery two to three weeks following acute myocardial infarction from the cardiovascular cell therapy research network. [25th Annual Symposium Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics, TCT 2013, San Francisco, CA United States, 27 October ‐ 1 November 2013]. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2013;62(18 Suppl 1):B249.
    1. NCT00684060. Use of adult autologous stem cells in treating people 2 to 3 weeks after having a heart attack (The Late TIME Study). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00684060 (accessed 11 March 2015).
    1. Traverse JH, Henry TD, Ellis SG, Pepine CJ, Willerson JT, Zhao DX, et al. Effect of intracoronary delivery of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells 2 to 3 weeks following acute myocardial infarction on left ventricular function: the LateTIME randomized trial. JAMA 2011;306(19):2110‐9. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Traverse JH, Henry TD, Ellis SG, Pepine CJ, Willerson JT, Zhao DX, et al. Results from LateTIME: a randomized, placebo controlled trial of intracoronary stem cell delivery two to three weeks following acute myocardial infarction. [American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2011, Orlando, FL United States, 12‐16 November 2011]. Circulation 2011;124(21):2372.
Traverse 2012 {published data only}
    1. NCT00684021. Use of adult autologous stem cells in treating people who have had a heart attack (The TIME Study). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00684021 (accessed 11 March 2015).
    1. Schutt RC, Trachtenberg BH, Cooke JP, Traverse JH, Henry TD, Pepine CJ, et al. Bone marrow characteristics associated with changes in infarct size after STEMI: a biorepository evaluation from the CCTRN TIME trial. Circulation Research 2015;116(1):99‐107. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Traverse JH, Henry TD, Pepine CJ, Willerson JT, Ellis SG. One‐year follow‐up of intracoronary stem cell delivery on left ventricular function following ST‐elevation myocardial infarction. JAMA 2014;311(3):301‐2. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Traverse JH, Henry TD, Pepine CJ, Willerson JT, Zhao DX, Ellis SG, et al. Effect of the use and timing of bone marrow mononuclear cell delivery on left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction: the TIME randomized trial. JAMA ‐ Journal of the American Medical Association 2012;308(22):2380‐9. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Traverse JH, Henry TD, Pepine CJ, Willerson JT, Zhao DX, Ellis SG, et al. Effect of the use and timing of bone marrow mononuclear cell delivery on left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction: the TIME randomized trial [Erratum]. JAMA ‐ Journal of the American Medical Association 2013;309(4):343. - PubMed
Turan 2012 {published data only}
    1. Turan RG, Bozdag TI, Turan CH, Ortak J, Akin I, Kische S, et al. Enhanced mobilization of the bone marrow‐derived circulating progenitor cells by intracoronary freshly isolated bone marrow cells transplantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 2012;16(4):852‐64. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Turan RG, Ilkay BT, Akin I, Kische S, Schneider H, Turan CH, et al. Enhanced cardiac chemoreflex sensitivity after intra coronary freshly isolated bone marrow cells transplantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction. [27th National Congress of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey, 27‐30 October 2011] [Akut miyokart enfarktuslu hastalarda taze isole edilmis intrakoroner kemik iliti kaynakli kok hucre transplantasyonu sonrasi artmis kardiyak kemorefleks duyarliliti]. Tűrk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi 2011;39:83.
    1. Turan RG, Turan IB, Turan CH, Akin I, Kische S, Paranskaya L, et al. Long term improvement of cardiac function by intracoronary freshly isolated bone marrow cells transplantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction. [28th National Congress of Cardiology, Antalya, Turkey. 11‐14 October 2012] [Akut miyokard infarktusu hastalarinda intra koroner taze izole edilmis kemik iligi kok hucre tranplantasyonu sonrasi kardiyak fonksiyonlarinda meydana gelen uzun sureli duzelme]. Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi 2012;40:62.
Wang 2014 {published data only}
    1. Wang X, Xi WC, Wang F. The beneficial effects of intracoronary autologous bone marrow stem cell transfer as an adjunct to percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Biotechnology Letters 2014;36(11):2163‐8. - PubMed
Wohrle 2010 {published data only}
    1. Mailander V, Wohrle J, Schauwecker P, Merkle N, Nusser T, Bommer M, et al. Intracoronary stem cell therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction ‐ a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial (SCAMI). Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy 2009;36(Suppl 1):19‐20.
    1. NCT00669227. Intracoronary stem cell therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction (SCAMI). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00669227 (accessed 11 March 2015).
    1. Woehrle J, Scheidt F, Markovic S, Schauwecker P, Schwarz K, Wiesneth M, et al. Intracoronary stem cell therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction ‐ 36 months results of a randomized, double‐blind, placebo controlled trials with serial MRI follow‐ups. [61st Annual Scientific Session of the American College of Cardiology and i2 Summit: Innovation in Intervention, ACC.12, Chicago, IL United States. 24‐27 March 2012]. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2012;59(13 Suppl 1):E346.
    1. Wohrle J, Merkle N, Mailander V, Nusser T, Schauwecker P, Scheidt F, et al. Intracoronary stem cell therapy after myocardial infarction ‐ twelve months follow‐up of a randomized, rigorous double‐blind, placebo controlled trial. Journal of American College of Cardiology. 2010; Vol. 55 (10 Suppl 1):A100.e938.
    1. Wohrle J, Merkle N, Mailander V, Nusser T, Schauwecker P, Scheidt F, et al. Results of the intracoronary stem cell therapy after acute myocardial infarction. American Journal of Cardiology 2010;105(6):804‐12. - PubMed
Wollert 2004 {published data only}
    1. Gerd P, Schaefer A, Wollert KC, Lippolt P, Fuchs M, Kaplan M, et al. Can bone marrow transfer in patients after myocardial infarction prevent the development of diastolic dysfunction? Results from the BOOST trial. Circulation 2004;110(17 Suppl):239‐40. Abstract 1148.
    1. Hertenstein B, Meyer GP, Wollert KC, Lotz J, Steffens J, Lippolt P, et al. Bone marrow cell transfer for treatment of acute myocardial infarction: 18 months follow‐up data from the randomised‐controlled BOOST trial. Bone Marrow Transplantation 2006;27(Suppl 1):S62.
    1. Hertenstein B, Wollert KC, Meyer GP, Lotz J, Ringes‐Lichtenberg S, Breidenbach C, et al. Randomised controlled clinical trial of intracoronary autologous bone marrow cell transfer post‐myocardial infarction. Bone Marrow Transplantation 2004;33(Suppl 1):S2. - PubMed
    1. Meyer GP, Wollert KC, Lotz J, Pirr J, Rager U, Loppolt P, et al. Intracoronary bone marrow cell transfer after myocardial infarction: 5‐year follow‐up from the randomized‐controlled BOOST trial. European Heart Journal 2009;30:2978‐84. - PubMed
    1. Meyer GP, Wollert KC, Lotz J, Steffens J, Lippolt P, Fichtner S, et al. Intracoronary bone marrow cell transfer after myocardial infarction: eighteen months follow‐up data from the randomized, controlled BOOST (BOne marrOw transfer to enhance ST‐elevation infarct regeneration) trial. Circulation 2006;113:1287‐94. - PubMed
Xiao 2012 {published data only}
    1. Xiao WT, Gao CY, Dai GY, Li MW, Wang XP, Liu HZ, et al. Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for myocardial renewal and repair. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research 2012;16(27):5081‐6.
Yao 2006 {published data only}
    1. Yao K, Huang RC, Ge L, Qian JY, Li YL, Xu SK, et al. Observation on the safety: clinical trial on intracoronary autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells transplantation for acute myocardial infarction. Chinese Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2006;34(7):577‐81. - PubMed
Yao 2009 {published data only}
    1. Yao K, Huang R, Sun A, Qian J, Liu X, Ge L, et al. Repeated autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell therapy in patients with large myocardial infarction. European Journal Heart Failure 2009;11(7):691‐8. - PubMed
You 2008 {published data only}
    1. You QJ, Shen ZY, Xiao MD, Jiang XC. Influence of autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation on short‐term heart function in cardiac failure patients. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research 2008;12(8):1467‐71.
Zhukova 2009 {published data only}
    1. Zhukova NS, Staroverov II, Stukalova OV, Samoilenko LE, Romanov YA, Sinitsin VE, et al. An experience of the use of stem cells in the treatment of patients with myocardial infarction and low ejection fraction. Kardiologia 2009;7(8):19‐24. - PubMed

References to studies excluded from this review

Ang 2008 {published data only}
    1. Ang KL. Intramuscular or intracoronary administration of autologous BMC fails to improve contractility of scarred myocardium: IC/IM‐BMC study. Clinical Research in Cardiology 2008;97(1):10.
Arnesen 2007 {published data only}
    1. Arnesen H, Lunde K, Aakhus S, Forfang K. Cell therapy in myocardial infarction. Lancet 2007;369(9580):2142‐3. - PubMed
Atsma 2008 {unpublished data only}
    1. Atsma DE. Autologous bone marrow‐derived in vitro expanded mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in patients with an acute myocardial infarction treated by successful primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty ‐ a safety and feasibility study. http://www.trialregister.nl (accessed by 31 January 2011).
Beeres 2007 {published data only}
    1. Beeres SL, Bax JJ, Dibbets‐Schneider P, Stokkel MP, Fibbe WE, Wall EE, et al. Intramyocardial injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in patients with chronic myocardial infarction and severe left ventricular dysfunction. American Journal of Cardiology 2007;100(7):1094‐8. - PubMed
Benedek 2014 {published data only}
    1. Benedek I, Bucur O, Benedek T. Intracoronary infusion of mononuclear bone marrow‐derived stem cells is associated with a lower plaque burden after four years. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 2014;21(3):217‐29. - PubMed
    1. Benedek IS, Chitu M, Kovacs I, Benedek IJR, Suciu ZS, Benedek T. Intracoronary infusion of stem cells reduces local artherosclerosis progression on long term follow‐up ‐ an Angio CT multislice 64 study. European Heart Journal 2013;34:842‐53.
Chen 2004a {published data only}
    1. Chen YX, Ou RM, Zhang XY, Xu X, Zhao HY, Guan HH, et al. Effect of self‐marrow stem cell transplantation in situ on the size of infarct area and cardiac functions after acute myocardium infarction. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 2004;8(3):568‐9.
Chen 2014 {published data only}
    1. Chen XM, Cui DY, Zhang M. Clinical observation of stem cell transplantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure. Journal of Dalian Medical University 2014;36(2):157‐9.
Engelmann 2006 {published data only}
    1. Engelmann MG, Theiss HD, Hennig‐Theiss C, Huber A, Wintersperger BJ, Werle‐Ruedinger AE, et al. Autologous bone marrow stem cell mobilization induced by granulocyte colony stimulating factor after subacute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing late revascularization. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2006;48(8):1712‐21. - PubMed
EUCTR 2010‐020497‐41‐GB {unpublished data only}
    1. EUCTR 2010‐020497‐41‐GB. A prospective, double blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial of intracoronary infusion of immunoselected, bone marrow‐derived Stro3 mesenchymal precursor cells (MPC) in the treatment of patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction ‐ the AMICI trial. https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr‐search/trial/2010‐020497‐41/GB (accessed 11 March 2015).
Fernandez 2004 {published data only}
    1. Fernandez RJ, Saslavsky J, Andrin O, Vrsalovic F, Geffner L, Camozzi L, et al. First‐reported data from Argentina of the implantation and cellular therapy in myocardial infarction (Tescelcor) study. American Journal of Cardiology 2004;94(6A Suppl):187E‐8E.
Gyongyosi 2009 {published data only}
    1. Gieseking E, Syeda B, Sochor H, Charwat S, Bergler‐Klein J, Maurer G, et al. Long‐term follow‐up of patients treated with combined delivery of intracoronary and intramyocardial bone‐marrow mononuclear cells. [Osterreichische Kardiologische Gesellschaft Jahrestagung 2012, Salzburg, Austria. 30 May ‐ 2 June 2012]. Journal fur Kardiologie 2012;19(5‐6):162.
    1. Gyongyosi M, Charwat S, Lang IM, Dettke M, Glogar D, Maurer G. 5 years clinical follow‐up of patients treated with combined delivery of intracoronary and intramyocardial bone‐marrow mononuclear cells. [Osterreichische Kardiologische Gesellschaft Jahrestagung 2011, Salzburg, Austria. 25‐28 May 2011]. Journal fur Kardiologie 2011;18(5‐6):185.
    1. Gyongyosi M, Lang I, Dettke M, Beran G, Graf S, Sochor H, et al. Combined delivery approach of bone marrow mononuclear stem cells early and late after myocardial infarction: the MYSTAR prospective, randomized study. Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 2009;6(1):70‐81. - PubMed
    1. Gyongyosi M, Lang I, Dettke M, Charwat S, Nyolczas N, Sochor H, et al. Results from the multicenter, prospective, randomized single‐blind trial on intracoronary or combined (percutaneous intramyocardial and intracoronary) administration of non‐selected autologous bone marrow cells to patients after acute myocardial infarction. American Journal of Cardiology 2007;100(8A Suppl):23L. - PubMed
    1. Nyolczas N, Gyongyosi M, Beran G, Dettke M, Graf S, Sochor H, et al. Design and rationale for the myocardial stem cell administration after acute myocardial infarction (MYSTAR) study: a multicenter, prospective, randomised, single‐blind trial comparing early and late intracoronary or combined (percutaneous intramyocardial and intracoronary) administration of nonselected autologous bone marrow cells to patients after acute myocardial infarction. American Heart Journal 2007;153(2):212.e1‐7. - PubMed
Hare 2007 {published data only}
    1. Hare J. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐escalation study of intravenous adult human mesenchymal stem cells (Provacel) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Clinical Cardiology 2007;30(7):364. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hare JM, Traverse JH, Henry TD, Dib N, Strumpf RK, Schulman SP, et al. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo controlled, dose‐escalation study of intravenous adult human mesenchymal stem cells (PROCHYMAL) after acute myocardial infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2009;54(24):2277‐86. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Richartz BB. A randomized, double blind placebo controlled, dose escalation study of intravenous human adult mesenchymal stem cells (PROVACEL (trademark)) following acute myocardial infarction. Herz 2007;32(4):338.
Heeger 2012 {published data only}
    1. Heeger CH, Jaquet K, Thiele H, Zulkarnaen Y, Cuneo A, Haller D, et al. Percutaneous, transendocardial injection of bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cells in heart failure patients following acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction: ALSTER‐Stem Cell trial. Eurointervention 2012;8(6):732‐42. - PubMed
Hendrikx 2006 {published data only}
    1. Hendrikx M, Hensen K, Clijsters C, Jongen H, Koninckx R, Bijnens E, et al. Recovery of regional but not global contractile function by the direct intramyocardial autologous bone marrow transplantation. Results from a randomised controlled clinical trial. Circulation 2006;114(Suppl I):I101‐7. - PubMed
Holinski 2011 {published data only}
    1. Holinski S, Schmeck B, Claus B, Radtke H, Elgeti T, Holzhausen M, et al. Encouraging experience with intracardiac transplantation of unselected autologous bone marrow cells concomitant with coronary artery bypass surgery after myocardial infarction. Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011;17(4):383‐9. - PubMed
Hu 2015 {published data only}
    1. Hu X, Huang X, Yang Q, Wang L, Sun J, Zhan H, et al. Safety and efficacy of intracoronary hypoxia‐preconditioned bone marrow mononuclear cell administration for acute myocardial infarction patients: the CHINA‐AMI randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Cardiology 2015;184i:446‐51. - PubMed
    1. Hu XY, Huang X, Yang Q, Wang L, Sun J, Zhan H, et al. Safety and efficacy of intracoronary hypoxia‐preconditioned bone marrow mononuclear cells administration for acute myocardial infarction patients. [American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions and Resuscitation Science Symposium, Chicago, IL United States. 15‐18 November 2014]. Circulation 2014;130.
Jiang 2011 {published data only}
    1. Jiang M, Pu J, He B. The short to mid‐term effect of bone marrow derived cell transfer on diastolic function after acute myocardial infarction. International Journal of Cardiology 2011;153(1):87‐8. - PubMed
Kahn 2006 {published data only}
    1. Kahn J. Stem cells show mixed results in MI patients. Journal of Interventional Cardiology 2006;19(4):297‐301. - PubMed
Kang 2004 {published data only}
    1. Kang HJ, Kim HS, Park YB. Stem cell therapy for myocardial infarction. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2004;171(5):442‐3. - PMC - PubMed
Kang 2006 {published data only}
    1. Kang HJ, Kim MK, Kim MG, Choi DJ, Yoon JH, Park YB, et al. A multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of intracoronary cell infusion mobilized with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor and darbepoetin after acute myocardial infarction: study design and rationale of the 'MAGIC cell‐5‐combination cytokine trial'. Trials 2011;12(1):33. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kang HJ, Kim MK, Lee HY, Park KW, Lee W, Cho YS, et al. Five‐year results of intracoronary infusion of the mobilized peripheral blood stem cells by granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor in patients with myocardial infarction. European Heart Journal 2012;33(24):3062‐9. - PubMed
    1. Kang HJ, Kim YS, Koo BK, Park KW, Lee HY, Sohn DW, et al. Effects of stem cell therapy with G‐CSF on coronary artery after drug‐eluting stent implantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Heart 2008;94(5):604‐9. - PubMed
    1. Kang HJ, Lee HY, Na SH, Chang SA, Park KW, Kim HK, et al. Differential effect of intracoronary infusion of mobilized peripheral blood stem cells by granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor on left ventricular function and remodeling in patients with acute myocardial infarction versus old myocardial infarction: the MAGIC Cell‐3‐DES randomized, controlled trial. Circulation 2006;114(1 Suppl):I145‐51. - PubMed
    1. Kim HS. Myocardial regeneration and angiogenesis in myocardial infarction with G‐CSF and intracoronary stem cell infusion‐3‐DES. www.ClinicalTrials.gov 2006; Vol. (accessed by 31 January 2011). [NCT00291629]
Kang 2007 {published data only}
    1. Kang HJ, Kim HS, Koo BK, Kim YJ, Lee DE, Sohn DW, et al. Intracoronary infusion of the mobilized peripheral blood stem cell by G‐CSF is better than mobilization alone by G‐CSF for improvement of cardiac function and remodeling: 2‐year follow‐up results of the Myocardial Regeneration and Angiogenesis in Myocardial Infarction with G‐CSF and Intra‐Coronary Stem Cell Infusion (MAGIC Cell) 1 trial. American Heart Journal 2007;153(2):237.e1‐8. - PubMed
    1. Kang HJ, Kim HS, Na SH, Zhang SY, Kang WJ, Youn TJ, et al. Six months follow‐up results of "granulocyte stimulating factor" based stem cell therapy in patients with myocardial infarction. Korean Circulation Journal 2006;36:99‐107.
    1. Kang HJ, Kim HS, Zhang SY, Park KW, Choo HJ, Koo BK, et al. Effects of intracoronary infusion of peripheral blood stem‐cells mobilised with granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor on left ventricular systolic function and restenosis after coronary stenting in myocardial infarction: the MAGIC cell randomised clinical trial. Lancet 2004;363:751‐6. - PubMed
Kang 2008 {published data only}
    1. Kang HJ, Kim HS. Safety and efficacy of intracoronary infusion of mibilized peripheral blood stem cell in patients with myocardial infarction: Magic Cell‐1 and Magic Cell‐3‐DES trials. European Heart Journal Supplements 2008;10(K):K39‐K43.
Kang 2011 {published data only}
    1. Kang HJ, Kim MK, Kim MG, Choi DJ, Yoon JH, Park YB, et al. A multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of intracoronary cell infusion mobilised with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor and darbepoetin after acute myocardial infarction: study design and rationale of the 'MAGIC cell‐5‐combination cytokine trial'. Trials 2011;12:33. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT00501917. MAGIC Cell‐5‐Combicytokine Trial. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=NCT00501917&Search=Search (accessed 11 March 2015).
Li 2006 {published data only}
    1. Li Z, Zhang M, Jin Y, Zhang W, Liu L, Cui L, et al. The clinical randomized study of autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation by intracoronary infusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2006;114(Suppl 18):II514‐5.
    1. Li ZQ, Zhang M, Jin YZ, Zhang WW, Liu Y, Yuan L, et al. Safety and efficacy of intracoronary transplantation of G‐CSF mobilised autologous peripheral blood stem cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Chinese Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2006;34(2):99‐102. - PubMed
    1. Li ZQ, Zhang M, Jing YZ, Zhang WW, Liu Y, Cui JL, et al. The clinical study of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation by intracoronary infusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). International Journal of Cardiology 2007;115(1):52‐6. - PubMed
    1. Zhang M, Li ZQ, Jun YZ, Zhang WW, Liu Y, Cui LJ, et al. Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation via coronary artery for acute myocardial infarction: a follow‐up of short‐term curative effect. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research 2007;11(20):3944‐7.
Li 2008 {published data only}
    1. Li XJ, Shang XM, Xu D, Liu CQ. Effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on vascular endothelial function in acute myocardial infarction patients. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research 2008;12(38):7443‐6.
Lu 2012 {published data only}
    1. Lu M, Zhao S, Liu Q, Jiang S, Song P, Qian H, et al. Transplantation with autologous mesenchymal stem cells after acute myocardial infarction evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging: an experimental study. Journal of Thoracic Imaging 2012;27(2):125‐35. - PubMed
Makkar 2012 {published data only}
    1. Makkar RR, Smith RR, Cheng K, Malliaras K, Thomson LE, Berman D, et al. Intracoronary cardiosphere‐derived cells for heart regeneration after myocardial infarction (CADUCEUS): a prospective, randomised phase I trial. Lancet 2012;379(9819):895‐904. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Malliaras K, Cheng K, Smith R, Mendizabal A, Gerstenblith G, Marban L, et al. Intracoronary cardiosphere‐derived cells for heart regeneration after myocardial infarction: determinants of regenerative efficacy in the final 1‐year results of the CADUCEUS trial. [American Heart Association 2012 Scientific Sessions and Resuscitation Science Symposium, Los Angeles, CA United States. 3‐6 November 2012]. Circulation 2012;126(21 Suppl 1).
    1. Malliaras K, Makkar RR, Smith RR, Cheng K, Wu E, Bonow RO, et al. Intracoronary cardiosphere‐derived cells after myocardial infarction: Evidence of therapeutic regeneration in the final 1‐year results of the CADUCEUS trials (CArdiosphere‐Derived aUtologous stem CElls to reverse ventricUlar dySfunction). Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2014;63(2):110‐22. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT00893360. A phase I randomized, dose escalation study of the safety and efficacy of intracoronary delivery of cardiosphere‐derived stem cells in patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction and a recent myocardial infarction. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00893360 (accessed 11 March 2015).
Marenzi 2007 {published data only}
    1. Marenzi G, Bartorelli AL. Improved clinical outcome after intracoronary administration of bone marrow‐derived progenitor cells in acute myocardial infarction: final 1‐year results of the REPAIR‐AMI trial. European Heart Journal 2007;28(17):2172‐3. - PubMed
Messori 2013 {published data only}
    1. Messori A, Fadd V, Maratea D, Trippoli S. Intracoronary infusion of bone‐marrow derived mononuclear cells in acute myocardial infarction: are outcomes influenced by the number of infused cells?. Heart, Lung and Circulation 2013;22(9):786‐7. - PubMed
Mills 2007 {published data only}
    1. Mill JS, Rao SV. REPAIR‐AMI: stem cells for acute myocardial infarction. Future Cardiology 2007;3(2):137‐40. - PubMed
Musialek 2006 {published data only}
    1. Musiatek P, Tracz W, Skotnicki AB, Zmudka K, Pienlazek P, Walter Z, et al. Transcoronary stem cell delivery using physiological endothelium‐targeting perfusion technique: the rationale and a pilot study involving a comparison with conventional over the‐wire balloon coronary occlusions in patients with recent myocardial infarction. Kardiologia Polska 2006;64:489‐98. - PubMed
Musialek 2010 {published data only}
    1. Musialek P, Tekieli L, Kostkiewicz M, Majka M, Szot W, Walter Z, et al. Randomized transcoronary delivery of CD34(+) cells with perfusion versus stop‐flow method in patients with recent myocardial infarction: early cardiac retention of 99(m)Tc‐labeled cells activity. Journal of Nuclear Cardiology 2011;18(1):104‐16. - PMC - PubMed
Nasseri 2013 {published data only}
    1. Nasseri MH, Aghdami N, Ahmadi H, Moshkani FM, Farahani M, Madani H, et al. Phase iii randomized clinical trial comparing the effects of autologous bone marrow derived MNC and CD133 cells transplantation in AMI patients during CABG. [19th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Cellular Therapy, ISCT 2013, Auckland, New Zealand. 22‐25 April 2013]. Cytotherapy 2013;15(4 Suppl 1):S12.
NCT00548613 {unpublished data only}
    1. NCT00548613. Combination stem cell (MESENDO) therapy for utilization and rescue of infarcted myocardium. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00548613 (accessed 11 March 2015).
NCT00874354 {unpublished data only}
    1. NCT00874354. REVITALIZE: randomized evaluation of intracoronary transplantation of bone marrow stem cells in myocardial infarction. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00874354 (accessed 11 March 2015).
NCT00877903 {unpublished data only}
    1. NCT00877903. A phase II, multi‐center, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Prochymal® (ex vivo cultured adult human mesenchymal stem cells) intravenous infusion following acute myocardial infarction. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00877903 (accessed 11 March 2015).
Nie 2007 {published data only}
    1. Nie Y, Guo YH, Guo LJ. Intracoronary transfer autologous bone marrow stem cells can improve cardiac function in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction [Chinese]. Beijing da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban: Journal of Peking University. Health Sciences 2007;39(6):634‐7. - PubMed
Obradovic 2009 {published data only}
    1. Obradovic S, Balint B, Romanovic R, Trifunovic Z, Rusovic S, Baskot B, et al. Influence of intracoronary injections of bone‐marrow‐derived mononuclear cells on large myocardial infarction outcome: quantum of initial necrosis is the key. Vojnosaniteski Pregled 2009;66(12):998‐1004. - PubMed
Osterziel 2007 {published data only}
    1. Osterziel KJ. Improved clinical outcome after intracoronary administration of bone‐marrow‐derived progenitor cells in acute myocardial infarction: final 1 year results of the REPAIR‐AMI trial. European Heart Journal 2007;28(5):638. - PubMed
Ott 2013 {published data only}
    1. Ott I, Schulz S, Cassese S, Byrne R, Kastrati A. Stem cell mobilization by granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor in patients with acute myocardial infarction: five‐year results of the REVIVAL‐2 trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2013;62(18 Suppl 1):B248.
    1. Ott I, Schulz S, Fusaro M, Cassese S, Byrne R, Joner M, et al. Stem cell mobilization by granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor in patients with acute myocardial infarction: five‐year results of the REVIVAL‐2 trial. European Heart Journal 2013;34(Suppl 1):74.
Peruga 2009 {published data only}
    1. Peruga J, Plewka M, Kasprzak J, Jezewski T, Wierzbicka A, Robak T, et al. Intracoronary administration of stem cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction ‐ angiographic follow‐up. Kardiologia Polska 2009;67(5):477‐84. - PubMed
Schachinger 2004 {published data only}
    1. Assmus B, Honold J, Schachinger V, Britten MB, Fischer‐Rasokat U, Lehmann R, et al. Transcoronary transplantation of progenitor cells after myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine 2006;355(12):1222‐32. - PubMed
    1. Assmus B, Schachinger V, Teupe C, Britten M, Lehmann R, Dobert N, et al. Transplantation of progenitor cells and regeneration enhancement in acute myocardial infarction (TOPCARE‐AMI). Circulation 2002;106:3009‐17. - PubMed
    1. Britten MB, Abolmaali ND, Assmus B, Lehmann R, Honold J, Scmitt J, et al. Infarct remodelling after intracoronary progenitor cell treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction (TOPCARE‐AMI). Mechanistic insights from serial contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 2003;108:2212‐8. - PubMed
    1. Leistner DM, Fischer‐Rasokat U, Honold J, Seeger FH, Schachinger V, Lehmann R, et al. Transplantation of progenitor cells and regeneration enhancement in acute myocardial infarction (TOPCARE‐AMI): final 5‐year results suggest long‐term safety and efficacy. Clinical Research in Cardiology 2011;100(10):925‐34. - PubMed
    1. Schachinger V, Assmus B, Britten MB, Honold J, Lehmann R, Teupe C, et al. Transplantation of progenitor cells and regeneration enhancement in acute myocardial infarction. Final one‐year results of the TOPCARE‐AMI trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2004;44:1690‐9. - PubMed
Schueller 2007 {published data only}
    1. Schueller PO, Meyer C, Brehm M, Wernet P, Schannwell CM, Strauer BE. Intracoronary autologous bone marrow cell transplantation beneficially modulates heart rate variability. International Journal of Cardiology 2007;119(3):398‐9. - PubMed
Shrimahachota 2011 {published data only}
    1. Srimahachota S, Boonyaratavej S, Rerkpattanapipat P, Wangsupachart S, Tumkosit M, Bunworasate U, et al. Intra‐coronary bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction: a randomized controlled study. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand 2011;94(6):657‐63. - PubMed
Taljaard 2010 {published data only}
    1. NCT00936819. Enhanced Angiogenic Cell Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction: a multicentre, phase IIb randomised placebo‐controlled trial. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00936819 (accessed 11 March 2015).
    1. Taljaard M, Ward MR, Kutryk MJB, Courtman DW, Camack N, Goodman SG, et al. Rationale and design of Enhanced Angiogenic Cell Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction (ENACT‐AMI): the first randomized placebo‐controlled trial of enhanced progenitor cell therapy for acute myocardial infarction. American Heart Journal 2010;159(3):354‐60. - PubMed
Terrovitis 2011 {published data only}
    1. Pantsios C, Ntalianis A, Kanakakis J, Papadimitriou C, Kapelios C, Repasos E, et al. Functional and structural benefits after therapy with autologous GCSF‐mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells in subacute myocardial infarction: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. [Heart Failure Congress 2014 and the 1st World Congress on Acute Heart Failure, Athens, Greece. 17‐20 May 2014]. European Journal of Heart Failure 2014;16:349.
    1. Terrovitis J, Ntalianis A, Kanakakis J, Papadimitriou C, Pantsios C, Eleftherakis E, et al. The effect of intracoronary infusion of mobilized peripheral blood stem cells on left ventricular function after myocardial infarction. [American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2011, Orlando, FL United States. 12‐16 November 2011]. Circulation 2011;124(21 Suppl 1).
Trzos 2009 {published data only}
    1. Trzos E, Krzeminska‐Pakula M, Rechcinski T, Bugala M, Kasprzak JD, Plewka M, et al. The influence of intracoronary autologous mononuclear bone marrow cell transplantation. [European Society of Cardiology, ESC Congress 2009, Barcelona, Spain. 29 August ‐ 2 September 2009]. European Heart Journal 2009;30:496.
    1. Trzos E, Krzeminska‐Pakula M, Rechcinski T, Plewka M, Kasprzak J, Peruga JZ, et al. The effects of intracoronary autologous mononuclear bone marrow cell transplantation on cardiac arrhythmia and heart rate variability. Kadiologia Polska 2009;67(7):713‐21. - PubMed
Vanderheyden 2007 {published data only}
    1. Vanderheyden M, Vercauteren S, Mansour S, Delrue L, Vandekerckhove B, Heyndrickx GR, et al. Time‐dependent effects on coronary remodelling and epicardial conductance after intracoronary injection of enriched hematopoietic bone marrow stem cells in patients with previous myocardial infarction. Cell Transplantation 2007;16(9):919‐25. - PubMed
Wang 2006 {published data only}
    1. Wang WM, Sun NL, Liu J, Zhang P, Liu KY, Wang Q, et al. Effects of intracoronary autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells transplantation in patients with anterior myocardial infarction. Chinese Journal of Cardiology 2006;34(2):103‐6. - PubMed
Warbington 2013 {published data only}
    1. Warbington B, Weinstein D, Mallinson D, Olijnyk D, Paterson S, Ridha S, et al. Characterization on bone marrow derived CD34+ cells with different mobility potentials by micro RNA fingerprinting. [55th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology, ASH2013, New Orleans, LA United States. 7‐10 December 2013]. Blood 2013;122(21).
Yang 2010 {published data only}
    1. Jang Z, Zhang F, Ma W, Chen B, Zhou F, Xu Z, et al. A novel approach to transplanting bone marrow stem cells to repair human myocardial infarction: delivery via a noninfarct‐related artery. Cardiovascular Therapeutics 2010;28(6):380‐5. - PubMed
Yu 2005 {published data only}
    1. Yu LF, Lu B, Yu LY, Li TF, Chen YJ, Liu WH, et al. Effect of intracoronary transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells on cardiac function and regional myocardial movement of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 2005;9(26):71‐4.
Yu 2014 {published data only}
    1. Yu L, Zhang M. Intracoronary transplantation of autologous peripheral blood stem cells in old patients with acute myocardial infarction: five‐year postoperative evaluation of cardiac function. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research 2014;18(1):125‐30.

References to studies awaiting assessment

Alves 2011 {published data only}
    1. Alves SA, Pereira SB, Frajtag R, Moreira RC, Souza ALS, Haddad A, et al. Long‐term follow‐up of stem cell therapy after acute myocardial infarction. [15th Annual Scientific Meeting, Heart Failure Society of America, Boston, MA United States. 18‐21 September 2011]. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2011;17(8 Suppl 1):S87.
Chang 2008 {published data only}
    1. Chang SA, Kim HK, Lee HY, Choi SY, Koo BK, Kim YJ, et al. Restoration of left ventricular synchronous contraction after acute myocardial infarction by stem cell therapy: new insights into the therapeutic implication of stem cell therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Heart 2008;94(8):995‐1001. - PubMed
    1. Chang SA, Kim HK, Lee HY, Kang HJ, Kim YJ, Zo JH. Restoration of synchronicity of the left ventricular myocardial contraction with stem cell therapy: New insights into the therapeutic implication of stem cell therapy in myocardial infarction. [American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2006, Chicago, IL United States, 12‐15 November 2006]. Circulation 2006;114(18 Suppl):Abstract 2718.
Fernandez‐Pereira 2006 {published data only}
    1. Fernandez‐Pereira C, Vigo CF, Bataglia S, Perez de la Hoz R, Vetulli H, Koziner B, et al. Autologous bone marrow stem cell transplant after myocardial infarction. In‐hospital and long‐term follow‐up results of the randomized Argentina trial (STAR AMI). European Heart Journal 2006;27(Suppl 1):279.
Huang 2007b {published data only}
    1. Huang R, Yao K, Ge JB, Zhou YZ, Qian YJY, Hge LEI, et al. Timing and therapeutic response of intracoronary bone marrow mononuclear cells administration in acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction patients. European Heart Journal 2007;28(Suppl 1):229.
Huang 2008 {published data only}
    1. Huang RC, Yao K, Qian J, Sun A, Ge L, Li YL, et al. Transcatheter transplantation of stem cells for treatment of acute myocardial infarction (TCT‐STAMI‐2). European Heart Journal 2008;28(Suppl 1):366‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Lee 2005 {published data only}
    1. Lee YL, Ge JB, Qian JY, Shi JH, Wang QB, Niu YH, et al. Clinical trial on emergent intracoronary autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells transfer in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction. American Journal of Cardiology 2005;96(7A Suppl):25H.
Lu 2012b {published data only}
    1. Lu M, Song L, Jiang S, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Yin G, et al. Effects of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells transplantation via coronary artery in patients with acute myocardial infarction assessed by MRI. [23rd Great Wall International Congress of Cardiology, Asia Pacific Heart Congress 2012, Beijing, China. 11‐14 October 2012]. Heart 2012;98:E172.
Park 2011 {published data only}
    1. Park SD, Shin SH, Woo SI, Park KS, Kim DH, Kwan J. Effect of heart rate variability of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. [EHRA Europace 2011, Madrid, Spain. 26‐29 June 2011]. Europace 2011;13(Suppl 3).
Perez‐Oteyza 2006 {published data only}
    1. Catalan‐Sanz M, Vaticon C, Asin E, Munoz M, Perez de Oteyza J, Cuevas P, et al. Randomised trial of intracoronary autologous bone‐marrow cell transfer after myocardial infarction. Preliminary results by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. European Heart Journal 2005;26(Suppl 1):627.
    1. Perez‐Oteyza J, Ramos P, Catalan SM, Perez‐Abad M, Blanchard MJ, Heras C, et al. Intracoronary autologous bone‐marrow stem cell transfer after myocardial infarction. 11th Congress of the European Haematology Association, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: European Haematology Association, 2006.
Sanchez‐Fernandez 2012 {published data only}
    1. Sanchez Fernandez PL, San Roman JA, Villa A, Gimeno F, Arnold R, Sanz‐Ruiz R, et al. A multicenter, prospective, randomized, open‐labeled, trial comparing different bone‐marrow‐derived stem cell approaches in patients with reperfused ST‐elevation myocardial infarction. [European Society of Cardiology, ESC Congress 2012, Munich, Germany. 25‐29 August 2012]. European Heart Journal 2012;33:516.
Silva 2014 {published data only}
    1. Silva T, Fiarresga A, Abreu J, Reffeira A, Branco L, Timoteo A, et al. Effect of intracoronary infusion of autologous bone marrow derived progenitor cells on the global longitudinal strain in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction. [European Society of Cardiology, ESC Congress 2014, Barcelona, Spain. 30 August‐3 September 2014]. European Heart Journal 2014;35:306.

References to ongoing studies

CTRI/2008/091/000232 {unpublished data only}
    1. CTRI/2008/091/000232. Efficacy of stem cell in improvement of left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction. http://www.ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=224 (accessed 11 March 2015).
EUCTR 2006‐001772‐20‐ES {unpublished data only}
    1. EUCTR 2006‐001772‐20‐ES. Effect of intracoronary injection of autologous stem cells on left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes one year after an acute myocardial infarction. https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr‐search/search?query=eudract_nu... (accessed 11 March 2015).
EUCTR 2006‐005628‐17‐ES {unpublished data only}
    1. EUCTR 2006‐005628‐17‐ES. Open study with blind regulator on the effectiveness of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr‐search/search?query=eudract_nu... (accessed 11 March 2015).
Hamshere 2014 {published data only}
    1. Hamshere S, Choudhury T, Jones DA, Locca D, Mills P, Rothman M, et al. A randomised double‐blind control study of early intracoronary autologous bone marrow cell infusion in acute myocardial infarction (REGENERATE‐AMI). BMJ Open 2014;4(2):e004258. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Locca D, Burcliell T, Flett A, Yeo C, Palma R, Knight C, et al. Randomised controlled clinical trial of the use of autologous bone marrow derived progenitor cells to salvage myocardium in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction. [EuroPCR 2011, Paris, France. 17‐20 May 2011]. EuroIntervention 2011;7:M87.
    1. NCT00765453. Bone marrow derived adult stem cells for acute anterior myocardial infarction (REGEN‐AMI). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00765453 (accessed 11 March 2015).
ISRCTN17457407 {unpublished data only}
    1. ISRCTN17457407. BOne marrOw transfer to enhance ST‐elevation infarct regeneration‐2 (BOOST‐2). http://www.controlled‐trials.com/ISRCTN17457407 (accessed on 11 March 2015).
ISRCTN65630838 {unpublished data only}
    1. ISRCTN65630838. Selected bone marrow cell transplant following myocardial infarction in patients undergoing coronary surgery: a prospective double blind controlled trial. http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN65630838 (accessed 11 March 2015).
Mansour 2011 {published data only}
    1. Mansour S, Noiseux N, Denis‐Claude R, Francois G, Rivard A, Leclerc G. COMPARE‐AMI trial: Comparison of intracoronary injection of CD133+ bone marrow stem cells to placebo in patients after acute myocardial infarction: safety and feasibility analysis. Circulation 2009;120(18 Suppl 2):S774.
    1. Mansour S, Roy D, Stevens LM, Leclerc G, Gobeil F, Revard A, et al. Comparison of intracoronary injection of CD133+ bone marrow stem cells to placebo in patients after acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction: One year safety analysis of the COMPARE‐AMI trial. [2010 Canadian Council of Cardiovascular Nurses Annual Scientific Sessions, Montreal, QC Canada. 23‐26 October 2010]. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 2010;26:116D.
    1. Mansour S, Roy DC, Bouchard V, Nguyen BK, Stevens LM, Gobeil F, et al. COMPARE‐AMI trial: comparison of intracoronary injection of CD133+ bone marrow stem cells to placebo in patients after acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction: study rationale and design. Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research 2010;3(2):153‐9. - PubMed
    1. Mansour S, Roy DC, Bouchard V, Stevens LM, Gobeil F, Rivard A, et al. One‐year safety analysis of the COMPARE‐AMI trial: comparison of intracoronary injection of CD133+ bone marrow stem cells to placebo in patients after acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction. Bone Marrow Research 2011;2011:Article Number 385124. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mansour S, Roy DC, Lemieux B, Ouellet C, Stevens LM, Noiseux N. Stem cell therapy for the broken heart: mini‐organ transplantation. Transplantation Proceedings 2009;41(8):3353‐7. - PubMed
Micheu 2013 {published data only}
    1. Micheu MM, Oprescu N, Calmac L, Pitic D, Dorobantu M. Early effect of autologous bone marrow stem cell therapy on left ventricular systolic function in acute myocardial infarction patients and low left ventricular ejection fraction ‐ a pilot study. [21st World Congress on the International Society for Heart Research, San Diego, CA United States. 30 June ‐ 4 July 2013]. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2013;65:S156.
NCT00529932 {unpublished data only}
    1. EUCTR 2007‐001448‐33‐NL. A multi‐centre, double‐blind, randomised, placebo‐controlled trial using CD133 enriched bone marrow cells following primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction with central core laboratory analysis. ‐ SELECT‐AMI. https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr‐search/search?query=eudract_nu... (accessed 11 March 2015).
    1. NCT00529932. A trial using CD133 enriched bone marrow cells following primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00529932 (accessed on 11 March 2015).
NCT00711542 {unpublished data only}
    1. NCT00711542. Effects of intracoronary progenitor cell therapy on coronary flow reverse after acute MI. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00711542 (accessed 11 March 2015).
NCT00936819 {unpublished data only}
    1. NCT00936819. The Enhanced Angiogenic Cell Therapy ‐ Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (ENACT‐AMI). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00936819 (accessed 11 March 2015).
NCT00979758 {unpublished data only}
    1. NCT00979758. Strengthening transplantation effects of bone marrow mononuclear cells with atorvastatin in myocardial infarction. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00979758 (accessed 11 March 2015).
NCT00984178 {unpublished data only}
    1. NCT00984178. Trial of hematopoietic stem cells in acute myocardial infarction. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00984178 (accessed 11 March 2015).
NCT01187654 {unpublished data only}
    1. NCT01187654. Bone marrow derived AC 133+ and mono‐nuclear cells (MNC) implantation in myocardial infarction (MI) patient. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01187654 (accessed 11 March 2015).
NCT01394432 {unpublished data only}
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NCT01495364 {unpublished data only}
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NCT01536106 {unpublished data only}
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NCT01569178 {unpublished data only}
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NCT02323620 {unpublished data only}
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References to other published versions of this review

Clifford 2012
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