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Review
. 2015 Aug 7:6:402.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00402. eCollection 2015.

Prognostic and Predictive Value of DAMPs and DAMP-Associated Processes in Cancer

Jitka Fucikova  1 , Irena Moserova  1 , Linda Urbanova  1 , Lucillia Bezu  2 , Oliver Kepp  2 , Isabelle Cremer  3 , Cyril Salek  4 , Pavel Strnad  5 , Guido Kroemer  6 , Lorenzo Galluzzi  7 , Radek Spisek  1
Affiliations
Review

Prognostic and Predictive Value of DAMPs and DAMP-Associated Processes in Cancer

Jitka Fucikova et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

It is now clear that human neoplasms form, progress, and respond to therapy in the context of an intimate crosstalk with the host immune system. In particular, accumulating evidence demonstrates that the efficacy of most, if not all, chemo- and radiotherapeutic agents commonly employed in the clinic critically depends on the (re)activation of tumor-targeting immune responses. One of the mechanisms whereby conventional chemotherapeutics, targeted anticancer agents, and radiotherapy can provoke a therapeutically relevant, adaptive immune response against malignant cells is commonly known as "immunogenic cell death." Importantly, dying cancer cells are perceived as immunogenic only when they emit a set of immunostimulatory signals upon the activation of intracellular stress response pathways. The emission of these signals, which are generally referred to as "damage-associated molecular patterns" (DAMPs), may therefore predict whether patients will respond to chemotherapy or not, at least in some settings. Here, we review clinical data indicating that DAMPs and DAMP-associated stress responses might have prognostic or predictive value for cancer patients.

Keywords: ATP; ER stress response; HSPs; autophagy; calreticulin; type I interferon.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Prognostic and predictive value of DAMPs and DAMP-associated processes. (A,B). Monitoring the emission of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or DAMP-associated processes may have a multifaceted impact on the clinical management of cancer patients. First, it may allow for a prognostic assessment and permit the stratification of patients in different risk groups (A). Second, it may allow for the identification of patients who are intrinsically capable or uncapable to respond to a specific treatment, and amongst the latter, those who may benefit from combinatorial therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring normal DAMP signaling (B).
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