Body mass index of 16-year olds in urban Maseru, Lesotho
- PMID: 26245430
- PMCID: PMC4565026
- DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v6i1.618
Body mass index of 16-year olds in urban Maseru, Lesotho
Abstract
Background: Overweight and/or obesity amongst children and adolescents is a global epidemic with health consequences that track into adulthood. No data are currently available regarding overweight/obesity amongst adolescents in Lesotho.Aim and setting: To assess the prevalence of overweight and/or obesity and the associated risk factors amongst 16-year olds in urban Maseru, Lesotho.
Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on a systematic sample of 16-year olds ingrade four (N = 221; 56.6% girls) from randomly-selected schools in urban Maseru. Diet histories and data on lifestyle, physical activity and knowledge, attitudes and/or perceptions and practices regarding nutrition were obtained during structured interviews and body mass index (BMI) was determined.
Results: Amongst these 16-year olds, 27.2% girls and 8.3% boys were overweight and/or obese based on World Health Organization cut-offs for BMI; 39.8% were insufficiently active or inactive;6.4% used alcohol regularly; and 11.7% used tobacco. Whilst 28.1% reported no television watching/electronic gaming/computer usage (combined screen time) outside school, 23.6% reported ≥ 4 hours of combined screen time outside school. Most (91.4%) consumed < 3 servings of vegetables/day; 86.4% consumed < 2 servings of fruits/day; and 95.5% consumed < 2 servings of dairy/day. The majority consumed maize porridge (56.1%), bread (63.8%) and margarine/oil/fat (82.3%) daily and added sugar to their food (74.2%). Fruits, vegetables, dairy, meat, pulses and traditional foods were only consumed weekly or less often. Most bought from tuck shops (18.6% daily; 54.3% weekly). Various gaps in knowledge, perceptions and practices were identified that may benefit from educational intervention.
Conclusions: The current study identifies westernised dietary and lifestyle changes, along with overweight and/or obesity, amongst 16-year old adolescents in Lesotho.
Indice de masse corporelle chez les adolescents de 16 ans dans l'agglomération de Maseru, au Lesotho.
Contexte: L'excès de poids/obésité chez les enfants et adolescents est une épidémie mondiale qui a des conséquences sur la santé qui se poursuivent à l’âge adulte. A l'heure actuelle il n'existe aucune donnée sur l'excès de poids/obésité chez les adolescents du Lesotho.
Objectif et lieu: Evaluer la prévalence d'excès de poids/obésité et les facteurs de risques qui lui sont associés chez les adolescents de 16 ans dans l'agglomération de Maseru, au Lesotho.
Méthode: On a effectué une étude descriptive transversale sur un échantillon systématique d'enfants de 16 ans de grade quatre (N = 221; 56.6% de filles) d’écoles sélectionnées au hasard dans l'agglomération de Maseru. Au cours d'entretiens structurés on a noté les antécédents alimentaires et les données sur le mode de vie, l'activité physique et les connaissances, attitudes/perceptions et pratiques relatives à la nutrition ainsi que l'indice de masse corporelle (BMI).
Résultats: Parmi ces adolescents de 16 ans, 27.2% des filles et 8.3% des garçons étaient en surpoids /obèses selon les seuils de l'OMS pour l'IMC; 39.8% n’étaient pas assez actifs/inactifs; 6.4% buvaient de l'alcool régulièrement; et 11.7% ont fait l'usage de tabac. Alors que 28.1% ne regardaient pas la télévision/ n'utilisaient pas les jeux électroniques/ l'ordinateur (temps passé devant un écran) en dehors de l’école, 23.6% passaient ≥ quatre heures devant un écran en dehors de l’école. La plupart (91.4%) consommaient moins de trois portions de légumes par jour; 86.4% consommaient moins de deux portions de fruits par jour; et 95.5% consommaient moins de deux portions de produits laitiers par jour. La majorité consommait de la bouillie de maïs (56.1%), du pain (63.8%) et de la margarine/de l'huile/des corps gras (82.3%) chaque jour et ajoutait du sucre à leurs aliments (74.2%). Ils mangeaient des fruits, des légumes, des produits laitiers, de la viande, des légumes secs et de la nourriture traditionnelle chaque semaine ou moins souvent. La plupart d'entre eux achetait à manger au kiosque (18.6% chaque jour; 54.3% chaque semaine). On a identifié des lacunes dans leurs connaissances, perceptions et pratiques qui pourraient être améliorées par l’éducation.
Conclusions: Cette étude identifie les changements dus à l'influence occidentale dans le mode de vie et l'alimentation des adolescents de 16 ans du Lesotho, ainsi que le surpoids et l'obésité.
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