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Review
. 2015:2015:561242.
doi: 10.1155/2015/561242. Epub 2015 Jun 9.

Current Advances in the Application of Raman Spectroscopy for Molecular Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer

Inês Raquel Martins Ramos  1 , Alison Malkin  2 , Fiona Mary Lyng  1
Affiliations
Review

Current Advances in the Application of Raman Spectroscopy for Molecular Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer

Inês Raquel Martins Ramos et al. Biomed Res Int. 2015.

Abstract

Raman spectroscopy provides a unique biochemical fingerprint capable of identifying and characterizing the structure of molecules, cells, and tissues. In cervical cancer, it is acknowledged as a promising biochemical tool due to its ability to detect premalignancy and early malignancy stages. This review summarizes the key research in the area and the evidence compiled is very encouraging for ongoing and further research. In addition to the diagnostic potential, promising results for HPV detection and monitoring treatment response suggest more than just a diagnosis prospective. A greater body of evidence is however necessary before Raman spectroscopy is fully validated for clinical use and larger comprehensive studies are required to fully establish the role of Raman spectroscopy in the molecular diagnostics of cervical cancer.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic showing the process involved in Raman spectra collection. When the sample is illuminated by an incident monochromatic light, the majority of the scattered light is of the same wavelength—elastically scattered (green arrow). A notch filter is therefore used to block the elastically scattered light which would otherwise overwhelm the weak signal of the Raman or inelastically scattered light (orange arrow). The Raman scattered light may be dispersed according to wavelength through a grating and detected by a CCD (charge-coupled device) detector. A Raman spectrum is finally shown upon software analysis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Raman spectrum of cervical cancer CaSki cell line. The variation of Raman shift wavelength is expressed in wavenumbers (cm−1) and can be observed along the X-axis whilst the intensity is represented along the Y-axis. The fingerprint and the high wavenumber (HW) regions of the spectrum are indicated by the arrows.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Fingerprint region of the Raman spectrum of cervical cancer CaSki cell line. The major assignments related to glycogen, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are highlighted.
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