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Review
. 2015 Jun 10:9:212.
doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00212. eCollection 2015.

Effect of human immunodeficiency virus on blood-brain barrier integrity and function: an update

Venkata Subba Rao Atluri  1 , Melissa Hidalgo  1 , Thangavel Samikkannu  1 , Kesava Rao Venkata Kurapati  1 , Rahul Dev Jayant  1 , Vidya Sagar  1 , Madhavan P N Nair  1
Affiliations
Review

Effect of human immunodeficiency virus on blood-brain barrier integrity and function: an update

Venkata Subba Rao Atluri et al. Front Cell Neurosci. .

Abstract

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a diffusion barrier that has an important role in maintaining a precisely regulated microenvironment protecting the neural tissue from infectious agents and toxins in the circulating system. Compromised BBB integrity plays a major role in the pathogenesis of retroviral associated neurological diseases. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in the Central Nervous System (CNS) is an early event even before the serodiagnosis for HIV positivity or the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), resulting in neurological complications in many of the infected patients. Macrophages, microglia and astrocytes (in low levels) are the most productively/latently infected cell types within the CNS. In this brief review, we have discussed about the effect of HIV infection and viral proteins on the integrity and function of BBB, which may contribute to the progression of HIV associated neurocognitive disorders.

Keywords: HIV; Nef; Tat; Vpr; blood-brain barrier; gp120; neurocognitive disorders.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) with HIV infected cells: Schematic representation of structure of the blood brain barrier and HIV infected cells in blood and CNS.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic representation showing effect of HIV proteins on BBB permeability and function.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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