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Review
. 2015 Jun 26:16:71.
doi: 10.1186/s12863-015-0231-y.

Epigenetic modifications of caveolae associated proteins in health and disease

Jin-Yih Low  1 , Helen D Nicholson  2
Affiliations
Review

Epigenetic modifications of caveolae associated proteins in health and disease

Jin-Yih Low et al. BMC Genet. .

Abstract

Caveolae are small, "omega-shaped" invaginations at the plasma membrane of the cell which are involved in a variety of processes including cholesterol transport, potocytosis and cell signalling. Within caveolae there are caveolae-associated proteins, and changes in expression of these molecules have been described to play a role in the pathophysiology of various diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Evidence is beginning to accumulate that epigenetic processes may regulate the expression of these caveolae related genes, and hence contribute to disease progression. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of epigenetic modification in regulating the expression of these caveolae related genes and how this relates to changes in cellular physiology and in health and disease.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Effect of HBV’s X protein on CAV1 expression. HCC samples infected with HBV demonstrate decreased CAV1 expression. This effect is due to the promoter hypermethylation of CAV1 by HBV’s X protein, causing transcriptional silencing of CAV1
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The mechanism of action of ER isoforms on CAV1 expression. Over-expression of ERα leads to down-regulation of CAV1 expression through epigenetic mechanisms. However, the co-expression of ERβ inhibits the effect of ERα, resulting in removal of the transcriptional suppression activity of ERα
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The role of dietary potassium in regulating miRNA-802 and CAV1 expression in the kidney. A diet high in potassium results in up-regulation of miRNA-802 which down-regulates CAV1’s expression by binding to 3′UTR of CAV1. Interaction of CAV1 with the N-terminus of the ROMK channels down-regulates these ion channels in the distal nephron, down-regulation of CAV1 results in up-regulation of the ROMK channels
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