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. 2015 Jun 25;10(6):e0130469.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130469. eCollection 2015.

Trends in cancer incidence in Maputo, Mozambique, 1991-2008

Cesaltina Lorenzoni  1 , Alba Vilajeliu  2 , Carla Carrilho  1 , Mamudo R Ismail  1 , Paola Castillo  3 , Orvalho Augusto  4 , Alberto L García-Basteiro  5 , Mohsin Sidat  4 , Silvia de Sanjosé  6 , Clara Menéndez  5 , Jaume Ordi  7
Affiliations

Trends in cancer incidence in Maputo, Mozambique, 1991-2008

Cesaltina Lorenzoni et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Very limited information is available regarding the incidence of cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. We analyzed changes in cancer patterns from 1991 to 2008 in Maputo (Mozambique).

Methods: We calculated the rates of incidence of different cancer sites by sex in the 5-year age-group of the population of Maputo city as well as age-standardized rates (ASRs) and average annual percentage changes (AAPC).

Results: Over the 18-year study period a total of 12,674 cases of cancer (56.9% females) were registered with an overall increase in the risk of cancer in both sexes. In males, the most common cancers were those of the prostate, Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and the liver. Prostate cancer showed the most dramatic increase over the whole study period (AAPC +11.3%; 95% CI: 9.7-13.0), with an ASR of 61.7 per 105 in 2003-2008. In females, the most frequent cancers were of the uterine cervix, the breast and KS, with the former increasing along the whole study period (AAPC + 4.7%; 95% CI: 3.4-6) with an ASR of 62.0 per 105 in 2003-2008 as well as breast cancer (AAPC +6.5%; 95%CI: 4.3-8.7).

Conclusions: Overall, the risk of cancer rose in both sexes during the study period, particularly among cancers associated with westernization of lifestyles (prostate, breast), combined with increasingly rising incidences or limited changes in cancers associated with infection and poverty (uterine cervix, liver). Moreover, the burden of AIDS-associated cancers has shown a marked increase.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Population of Maputo by gender and age groups in the censuses of 1997 and 2007.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Age-specific incidence rates of male (A) and female (B) cancers in the periods 1991–1996, 1996–2001 and 2003–2008; and trends in age-standardized incidence rates of the four most frequent cancers in males (C) and females (D) from 1991–2008.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Age-specific incidence rates of relevant cancers in the periods 1991–1996, 1996–2001 and 2003–2008.
A) prostate; B) liver (males); C) uterine cervix; D) breast (females); and Kaposi’s sarcoma in males (E) and females (F).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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