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Review
. 2015:2015:693204.
doi: 10.1155/2015/693204. Epub 2015 Apr 27.

Circadian Clocks and the Interaction between Stress Axis and Adipose Function

Isa Kolbe  1 , Rebecca Dumbell  1 , Henrik Oster  1
Affiliations
Review

Circadian Clocks and the Interaction between Stress Axis and Adipose Function

Isa Kolbe et al. Int J Endocrinol. 2015.

Abstract

Many physiological processes and most endocrine functions show fluctuations over the course of the day. These so-called circadian rhythms are governed by an endogenous network of cellular clocks and serve as an adaptation to daily and, thus, predictable changes in the organism's environment. Circadian clocks have been described in several tissues of the stress axis and in adipose cells where they regulate the rhythmic and stimulated release of stress hormones, such as glucocorticoids, and various adipokine factors. Recent work suggests that both adipose and stress axis clock systems reciprocally influence each other and adrenal-adipose rhythms may be key players in the development and therapy of metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of adrenal and adipose tissue rhythms and clocks and how they might interact to regulate energy homoeostasis and stress responses under physiological conditions. Potential chronotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of metabolic and stress disorders are discussed.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Interaction of stress axis and adipose circadian rhythms. Rhythmic adrenal glucocorticoid (GC) release negatively feeds back on the HPA axis and stimulates lipid mobilization in adipose tissue and release of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin supports lipogenesis in adipocytes, while the adipokine leptin inhibits insulin secretion from the pancreas and glucocorticoid release from the adrenal. Adiponectin increases insulin sensitivity in cells. External factors like stress and food intake affect the peripheral rhythms, while light exposure entrains the system via the SCN. For more details see text (autonomic nervous system (ANS)).
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