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. 2015 Feb 15;8(2):e17115.
doi: 10.5812/jjm.17115. eCollection 2015 Feb.

Effects of pH and Temperature on Antibacterial Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanofluid Against Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Staphylococcus aureus

Mahsa Saliani  1 , Razieh Jalal  2 , Elaheh Kafshdare Goharshadi  1
Affiliations

Effects of pH and Temperature on Antibacterial Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanofluid Against Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Staphylococcus aureus

Mahsa Saliani et al. Jundishapur J Microbiol. .

Abstract

Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are known as one of the important inorganic materials used in research and health-related applications with effective antibacterial activities. Although the toxic effects of ZnO NPs have already been evaluated, more information is required to understand the possible mechanisms.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the influences of pH and temperature on antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs against some strains of pathogenic bacteria. Identifying the interrelationship between toxicity and cultural conditions helps us to have a better understanding of the optimum reaction conditions for maximum antimicrobial activity.

Materials and methods: ZnO NPs were prepared and characterized and then dispersed in glycerol with the help of ammonium citrate as the dispersant. The antibacterial tests were performed by measuring the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus with different concentrations of ZnO NPs in glycerol. All the experiments were conducted at different incubation temperatures (25-42(°)C) and pH levels (4-10 for E. coli O157:H7 and 5-10 for S. aureus).

Results: The results showed that ZnO nanofluid have antibacterial activity against E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus and the inhibitory effect increases with increasing the nanofluid concentration. The experiments showed that the antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs was influenced by temperature and pH. Higher antibacterial activity was observed at acidic pH levels with the maximum toxicity at pH = 4 and pH = 5 for E. coli O157: H7 and S. aureus, respectively. By raising the temperature, the toxicity of ZnO nanofluid increased, with the highest antibacterial activity at 42°C for both bacterial types in comparison with positive controls under the same conditions.

Conclusions: Analysis of the results demonstrated that exposure media of ZnO NPs and cultural factors play a role in their cytotoxic effects. It could be attributed to the principal mechanism at different reaction conditions.

Keywords: Escherichia coli O157: H7; Nanoparticles; Staphylococcus aureus; Treatment.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Powder X-ray Diffraction Pattern of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Transmission Electron Microscopy Image of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. Particle Size Distribution of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Figure 4.
Figure 4.. Effects of Different Concentrations of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on the Growth of Bacteria
a) E. coli O157:H7; b) S. aureus, in liquid medium at pH 7 and 37°C. (◊), 1.5 µg mL-1; (□), 0.75 µg mL-1; (∆), 0.375 µg mL-1; (■), 0.1875 µg mL-1; (♦), 0.09 µg mL-1; (○), positive control.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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