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. 2015 Aug;36(8):6305-12.
doi: 10.1007/s13277-015-3316-3. Epub 2015 Mar 24.

Serum vascular endothelial growth factors C and D as forecast tools for patients with gallbladder carcinoma

Min-Chao Liu  1 , Lei Jiang, Hai-Jie Hong, Ze-Wu Meng, Qiang Du, Liang-Yi Zhou, Fei-Fei She, Yan-Ling Chen
Affiliations

Serum vascular endothelial growth factors C and D as forecast tools for patients with gallbladder carcinoma

Min-Chao Liu et al. Tumour Biol. 2015 Aug.

Abstract

Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is the most common cancer of the biliary tract. Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is the major diffusion route of GBC and is a prognosis factor. The aim of study was to assess the potential of the serum VEGF-C and VEGF-D (sVEGF-C/D) levels to predict the presence of LNM and the survival of GBC patients. The preoperative sVEGF-C/D levels of 31 patients with GBC, 10 patients with cholesterol polyps, and 10 healthy volunteers were measured by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA). The sVEGF-C/D levels of patients with GBC were significantly higher than those of people with healthy gallbladders (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) and cholesterol polyp (p = 0.032 and p = 0.004, respectively). In GBC, the sVEGF-C levels were associated with LNM (p = 0.011), distant metastasis (p = 0.018), and stage (p = 0.045), but the sVEGF-D levels had a significant association with the tumor depth (p = 0.001), LNM (p = 0.001), distant metastasis (p = 0.047), and stage (p = 0.002). The sVEGF-C/D diagnostic values for the presence of GBC were sensitivity of 71.0 and 74.2 % and specificity of 80.0 and 85.0 %, respectively. With respect to the diagnosis of LNM, the diagnostic values of sVEGF-C/D were as follows: sensitivity 81.2 and 87.5 % and specificity 73.3 and 80.0 %, respectively. The mean survival time with high sVEGF-C was significantly shorter than that with low sVEGF-C (p < 0.001), which was also true for low sVEGF-D (p = 0.032). The preoperative sVEGF-C/D levels might be reliable biomarkers for the presence of disease and LNM in patients with GBC. The sVEGF-C/D levels may be prognosis factors that can predict a poor outcome for GBC patients.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The serum VEGF-C levels are presented in GBC (n = 31), healthy volunteers (n = 10), and cholesterol polyp (n = 10). *p < 0.05
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The serum VEGF-D levels are presented in GBC (n = 31), healthy volunteers (n = 10), and cholesterol polyp (n = 10). *p < 0.05
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
ROC curve analysis for predicting the presence of GBC by serum VEGF-C and VEGF-D (cut-off values 7054.83 and 595.13 pg/ml, respectively)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
ROC curve analysis for the prediction of LNM by serum VEGF-C and VEGF-D (cut-off values 7667.27 and 674.88 pg/ml, respectively)
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Kaplan-Meier survival curves in the low sVEGF-C (<7669.58 pg/ml) and high sVEGF-C groups (>7669.58 pg/ml). *p < 0.05
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Kaplan-Meier survival curves in the low sVEGF-D (<689.38 pg/ml) and high sVEGF-D groups (>689.38 pg/ml). *p < 0.05
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