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Review
. 2015 Feb 18;7(3):1378-425.
doi: 10.3390/nu7031378.

The periconceptional environment and cardiovascular disease: does in vitro embryo culture and transfer influence cardiovascular development and health?

Monalisa Padhee  1 , Song Zhang  2 , Shervi Lie  3 , Kimberley C Wang  4 , Kimberley J Botting  5 , I Caroline McMillen  6 , Severence M MacLaughlin  7 , Janna L Morrison  8
Affiliations
Review

The periconceptional environment and cardiovascular disease: does in vitro embryo culture and transfer influence cardiovascular development and health?

Monalisa Padhee et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) have revolutionised reproductive medicine; however, reports assessing the effects of ARTs have raised concerns about the immediate and long-term health outcomes of the children conceived through ARTs. ARTs include manipulations during the periconceptional period, which coincides with an environmentally sensitive period of gamete/embryo development and as such may alter cardiovascular development and health of the offspring in postnatal life. In order to identify the association between ARTs and cardiovascular health outcomes, it is important to understand the events that occur during the periconceptional period and how they are affected by procedures involved in ARTs. This review will highlight the emerging evidence implicating adverse cardiovascular outcomes before and after birth in offspring conceived through ARTs in both human and animal studies. In addition, it will identify the potential underlying causes and molecular mechanisms responsible for the congenital and adult cardiovascular dysfunctions in offspring whom were conceived through ARTs.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Different models of the periconceptional period in studies in humans, rodents and ruminants include different stages of oocyte and embryo development. Note: Implantation occurs at different days after conception across species (Human, 7–9 days; Rodents, 6–7 days; Sheep 16 days) [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,13,16,17].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Epigenetic reprogramming during gametogenesis and embryogenesis. Adapted from [87,94].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Diagrammatic representation of the possible links between ARTs and cardiovascular disorders [284,293,297].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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