Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2014 Dec 18;2014(12):CD011431.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011431.

Rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosing uncomplicated non-falciparum or Plasmodium vivax malaria in endemic countries

Katharine Abba  1 , Amanda J Kirkham, Piero L Olliaro, Jonathan J Deeks, Sarah Donegan, Paul Garner, Yemisi Takwoingi
Affiliations
Review

Rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosing uncomplicated non-falciparum or Plasmodium vivax malaria in endemic countries

Katharine Abba et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: In settings where both Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infection cause malaria, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) need to distinguish which species is causing the patients' symptoms, as different treatments are required. Older RDTs incorporated two test lines to distinguish malaria due to P. falciparum, from malaria due to any other Plasmodium species (non-falciparum). These RDTs can be classified according to which antibodies they use: Type 2 RDTs use HRP-2 (for P. falciparum) and aldolase (all species); Type 3 RDTs use HRP-2 (for P. falciparum) and pLDH (all species); Type 4 use pLDH (fromP. falciparum) and pLDH (all species).More recently, RDTs have been developed to distinguish P. vivax parasitaemia by utilizing a pLDH antibody specific to P. vivax.

Objectives: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of RDTs for detecting non-falciparum or P. vivax parasitaemia in people living in malaria-endemic areas who present to ambulatory healthcare facilities with symptoms suggestive of malaria, and to identify which types and brands of commercial test best detect non-falciparum and P. vivax malaria.

Search methods: We undertook a comprehensive search of the following databases up to 31 December 2013: Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register; MEDLINE; EMBASE; MEDION; Science Citation Index; Web of Knowledge; African Index Medicus; LILACS; and IndMED.

Selection criteria: Studies comparing RDTs with a reference standard (microscopy or polymerase chain reaction) in blood samples from a random or consecutive series of patients attending ambulatory health facilities with symptoms suggestive of malaria in non-falciparum endemic areas.

Data collection and analysis: For each study, two review authors independently extracted a standard set of data using a tailored data extraction form. We grouped comparisons by type of RDT (defined by the combinations of antibodies used), and combined in meta-analysis where appropriate. Average sensitivities and specificities are presented alongside 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Main results: We included 47 studies enrolling 22,862 participants. Patient characteristics, sampling methods and reference standard methods were poorly reported in most studies. RDTs detecting 'non-falciparum' parasitaemiaEleven studies evaluated Type 2 tests compared with microscopy, 25 evaluated Type 3 tests, and 11 evaluated Type 4 tests. In meta-analyses, average sensitivities and specificities were 78% (95% CI 73% to 82%) and 99% (95% CI 97% to 99%) for Type 2 tests, 78% (95% CI 69% to 84%) and 99% (95% CI 98% to 99%) for Type 3 tests, and 89% (95% CI 79% to 95%) and 98% (95% CI 97% to 99%) for Type 4 tests, respectively. Type 4 tests were more sensitive than both Type 2 (P = 0.01) and Type 3 tests (P = 0.03).Five studies compared Type 3 tests with PCR; in meta-analysis, the average sensitivity and specificity were 81% (95% CI 72% to 88%) and 99% (95% CI 97% to 99%) respectively. RDTs detecting P.vivax parasitaemiaEight studies compared pLDH tests to microscopy; the average sensitivity and specificity were 95% (95% CI 86% to 99%) and 99% (95% CI 99% to 100%), respectively.

Authors' conclusions: RDTs designed to detect P. vivax specifically, whether alone or as part of a mixed infection, appear to be more accurate than older tests designed to distinguish P. falciparum malaria from non-falciparum malaria. Compared to microscopy, these tests fail to detect around 5% ofP. vivax cases. This Cochrane Review, in combination with other published information about in vitro test performance and stability in the field, can assist policy-makers to choose between the available RDTs.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

PG is Director of Evidence Building and Synthesis Research Consortium that receives money to increase the number of evidence‐informed decisions by intermediary organizations, including WHO and national decision‐makers that benefit the poor in middle‐ and low‐income countries. PG is the coordinator of a WHO Collaborating Centre for Evidence Synthesis for Infectious and Tropical Diseases; one of the Centre's aims is to help WHO in its role as an infomediary in communicating reliable summaries of research evidence to policy makers, clinicians, teachers, and the public in developing countries.

Figures

1
1
Study flow diagram.
2
2
Methodological quality graph: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item presented as percentages across all included studies.
3
3
Forest plot of commercial brands of Type 2 tests for detection of non‐falciparum species (verified with microscopy). We ordered studies by continent, age group and study identifier.
4
4
Summary ROC plot of Type 2 tests for detection of non‐falciparum species (verified with microscopy). The black solid circle corresponds to the summary estimate of sensitivity and specificity, and is shown with a 95% confidence region.
5
5
Forest plot of commercial brands of Type 3 tests for detection of non‐falciparum species (verified with microscopy). We ordered studies by continent, age group and study identifier.
6
6
Summary ROC plot of Type 3 tests for detection of non‐falciparum species (verified with microscopy). The black solid circle corresponds to the summary estimate of sensitivity and specificity, and is shown with a 95% confidence region.
7
7
Forest plot of commercial brands of Type 4 tests for detection of non‐falciparum species (verified with microscopy). We ordered studies by continent, age group and study identifier.
8
8
Summary ROC plot of Type 4 tests for detection of non‐falciparum species (verified with microscopy). The black circle corresponds to the summary estimate of sensitivity and specificity, and is shown with a 95% confidence region.
9
9
Forest plot of Type 2, Type 3 and Type 4 tests for detection of non‐falciparum species (verified with microscopy). We ordered studies by continent, age group and study identifier.
10
10
Summary ROC plot comparing Type 2, Type 3 and Type 4 tests for detection of non‐falciparum species (verified with microscopy). The solid circles correspond to the summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity for each test type, and are shown with 95% confidence regions (dotted lines) and 95% prediction regions (dashed lines). The summary points for Type 2 and Type 3 and their 95% confidence regions are identical but the 95% prediction regions differ. The 95% prediction regions illustrate the extent of between study heterogeneity.
11
11
Summary ROC plot of Type 3 tests for detection of non‐falciparum species (verified with PCR). The solid circles correspond to the summary estimate of sensitivity and specificity, and is shown with a 95% confidence region.
12
12
Forest plot of Pf HRP‐2 and Pv pLDH for detection of P. vivax (verified with microscopy). Studies are ordered by continent, age group and study identifier.
13
13
Summary ROC plot Pf HRP‐2 and Pv pLDH for detection of P. vivax (verified with microscopy). The black circle corresponds to the summary estimate of sensitivity and specificity, and is shown with a 95% confidence region.
1
1. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, microscopy, Type 2, ICT Combo Cassette.
2
2. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, microscopy, Type 2, ICT Malaria Pf/Pv.
3
3. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, microscopy, Type 2, NOW Malaria ICT.
4
4. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, microscopy, Type 2, Malascan.
5
5. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, microscopy, Type 2, VIKIA Ag Pf/Pan.
6
6. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, microscopy, Type 2 (All).
7
7. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, microscopy, Type 3, Parascreen.
8
8. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, microscopy, Type 3, CareStart Pf/Pan.
9
9. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, microscopy, Type 3, SD Malaria Antigen Bioline.
10
10. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, microscopy, Type 3, First Response Malaria Combo.
11
11. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, microscopy, Type 3, One Step Malaria Pf/Pan.
12
12. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, microscopy, Type 3 (All).
13
13. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, microscopy, Type 4, OptiMAL.
14
14. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, microscopy, Type 4, OptiMAL‐IT.
15
15. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, microscopy, Type 4, Carestart.
16
16. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, microscopy, Type 4 (All).
17
17. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, microscopy, Other Type, Malariagen Malaria.
18
18. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, PCR, Type 3, CareStart Pf/Pan.
19
19. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, PCR, Type 3, Parascreen.
20
20. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, PCR, Type 3, One Step Malaria Pf/Pan.
21
21. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, PCR, Type 3, SD Malaria Antigen Bioline.
22
22. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, PCR, Type 3 (All).
23
23. Test
Non‐falciparum species only, PCR, Type 4, OptiMAL (All).
24
24. Test
P. vivax, microscopy, Pf HRP‐2 and Pv pLDH, Carestart Pf/Pv (All).
25
25. Test
P. vivax, microscopy, Pf HRP‐2 and Pv pLDH, Biotech Malaria Pf/Pv.
26
26. Test
P. vivax, microscopy, Pf HRP‐2 and Pv pLDH, Falcivax.
27
27. Test
P. vivax, microscopy, Pf HRp‐2 and Pv pLDH, Onsite Pf/Pv.
28
28. Test
P. vivax, microscopy, Pf HRP‐2 and Pv pLDH, Pf/Pv Malaria Device.
29
29. Test
P. vivax, microscopy, Pf HRP‐2 and Pv pLDH (All).
30
30. Test
P. vivax, PCR, Pf HRP‐2 and Pv pLDH, Falcivax.
31
31. Test
P. vivax, PCR, Pf HRP‐2 and Pv pLDH, OnSite Pf/Pv.
32
32. Test
P. vivax, PCR, Pf HRP‐2 and Pv pLDH, Pf/Pv Malaria Device.
33
33. Test
P. vivax, PCR, Pf HRP‐2 and Pv pLDH (All).
34
34. Test
P. vivax, PCR, Type 6, PALUTOP (All).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

References to studies included in this review

Alam 2011 {published data only}
    1. Alam MS, Mohon AN, Mustafa S, Khan WA, Islam N, Karim MJ, et al. Real‐time PCR assay and rapid diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of clinically suspected malaria patients in Bangladesh. Malaria Journal 2011;10:175. - PMC - PubMed
Andrade 2010 {published data only}
    1. Andrade BB, Reis‐Filho A, Barros AM, Souza‐Neto SM, Nogueira LL, Fukatano KF, et al. Towards a precise test for malaria diagnosis in the Brazilian Amazon: comparison among field microscopy, a rapid diagnostic test, nested PCR, and a computational expert system based on artificial neural networks. Malaria Journal 2010;9:117. - PMC - PubMed
Ashton 2010 {published data only}
    1. Ashton RA, Kefyalew T, Tesfaye G, Counihan H, Yadeta D, Cundill B, et al. Performance of three multi‐species rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Malaria Journal 2010;9:297. - PMC - PubMed
Bell 2001a {published data only}
    1. Bell D, Go R, Miguel C, Walker J, Cacal L, Saul A. Diagnosis of malaria in a remote area of the Philippines: comparison of techniques and their acceptance by health workers and the community. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2001;79(10):933‐41. - PMC - PubMed
Bell 2001b {published data only}
    1. Bell D, Go R, Miguel C, Walker J, Cacal L, Saul A. Diagnosis of malaria in a remote area of the Philippines: comparison of techniques and their acceptance by health workers and the community. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2001;79(10):933‐41. - PMC - PubMed
Bendezu 2010 {published data only}
    1. Bendezu J, Rosas A, Grande T, Rodriguez H, Llanos‐Cuentas A, Escobedo J, et al. Field evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test (Parascreen) for malaria diagnosis in the Peruvian Amazon. Malaria Journal 2010;9:154. - PMC - PubMed
Bharti 2008 {published data only}
    1. Bharti PK, Silawat N, Singh PP, Singh MP, Shukla M, Chand G, et al. The usefulness of a new rapid diagnostic test, the First Response Malaria Combo (pLDH/HRP2) card test, for malaria diagnosis in the forested belt of central India. Malaria Journal 2008;7:126. - PMC - PubMed
Chanie 2011 {published data only}
    1. Chanie M, Erko B, Animut A, Legesse M. Performance of CareStartTM Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections in the Afar Region, North East Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development 2011;25(3):206‐11.
Chayani 2004 {published data only}
    1. Chayani N, Das B, Sur M, Bajoria S. Comparison of parasite lactate dehydrogenase based immunochromatographic antigen detection assay (OptiMAL) with microscopy for detection of malaria parasites. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2004;22(2):104‐6. - PubMed
Dev 2004 {published data only}
    1. Dev V. Relative utility of dipsticks for diagnosis of malaria in mesoendemic area for Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in Northeastern India. Vector‐Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 2004;4(2):123‐30. - PubMed
Eibach 2013 {published data only}
    1. Eibach D, Traore B, Bouchrik M, Coulibaly B, Coulibaly N, Siby F, et al. Evaluation of the malaria rapid diagnostic test VIKIA malaria Ag Pf/PanTM in endemic and non‐endemic settings. Malaria Journal 2013;12:188. - PMC - PubMed
Elahi 2013 {published data only}
    1. Elahi, R, Mohon, A.N, Khan, W.W, Haque, R, Alam, M.S. Performance of a HRP‐2/pLDH based rapid diagnostic test at the Bangladesh‐India‐Myanmar border area for diagnosis of clinical malaria. Malaria Journal 2013;12:378. - PMC - PubMed
Endeshaw 2012a {published data only}
    1. Endeshaw T, Graves PM, Ayele B, Mosher AW, Gebre T, Ayalew F, et al. Performance of local light microscopy and the ParaScreen Pan/Pf rapid diagnostic test to detect malaria in health centers in Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2012;7(4):e33014. - PMC - PubMed
Endeshaw 2012b {published data only}
    1. Endeshaw T, Graves PM, Ayele B, Mosher AW, Gebre T, Ayalew F, et al. Performance of local light microscopy and the ParaScreen Pan/Pf rapid diagnostic test to detect malaria in health centres in Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2012;7(4):e33014. - PMC - PubMed
Endeshaw 2012c {published data only}
    1. Endeshaw T, Graves PM, Ayele B, Mosher AW, Gebre T, Ayalew F, et al. Performance of local light microscopy and the ParaScreen Pan/Pf rapid diagnostic test to detect malaria in health centres in Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2012;7(4):e33014. - PMC - PubMed
Endeshaw 2012d {published data only}
    1. Endeshaw T, Graves PM, Ayele B, Mosher AW, Gebre T, Ayalew F, et al. Performance of local light microscopy and the ParaScreen Pan/Pf rapid diagnostic test to detect malaria in health centres in Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2012;7(4):e33014. - PMC - PubMed
Endeshaw 2012e {published data only}
    1. Endeshaw T, Graves PM, Ayele B, Mosher AW, Gebre T, Ayalew F, et al. Performance of local light microscopy and the ParaScreen Pan/Pf rapid diagnostic test to detect malaria in health centres in Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2012;7(4):e33014. - PMC - PubMed
Endeshaw 2012f {published data only}
    1. Endeshaw T, Graves PM, Ayele B, Mosher AW, Gebre T, Ayalew F, et al. Performance of local light microscopy and the ParaScreen Pan/Pf rapid diagnostic test to detect malaria in health centres in Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2012;7(4):e33014. - PMC - PubMed
Endeshaw 2012g {published data only}
    1. Endeshaw T, Graves PM, Ayele B, Mosher AW, Gebre T, Ayalew F, et al. Performance of local light microscopy and the ParaScreen Pan/Pf rapid diagnostic test to detect malaria in health centres in Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2012;7(4):e33014. - PMC - PubMed
Endeshaw 2012h {published data only}
    1. Endeshaw T, Graves PM, Ayele B, Mosher AW, Gebre T, Ayalew F, et al. Performance of local light microscopy and the ParaScreen Pan/Pf rapid diagnostic test to detect malaria in health centres in Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2012;7(4):e33014. - PMC - PubMed
Endeshaw 2012i {published data only}
    1. Endeshaw T, Graves PM, Ayele B, Mosher AW, Gebre T, Ayalew F, et al. Performance of local light microscopy and the ParaScreen Pan/Pf rapid diagnostic test to detect malaria in health centres in Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2012;7(4):e33014. - PMC - PubMed
Endeshaw 2012j {published data only}
    1. Endeshaw T, Graves PM, Ayele B, Mosher AW, Gebre T, Ayalew F, et al. Performance of local light microscopy and the ParaScreen Pan/Pf rapid diagnostic test to detect malaria in health centres in Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2012;7(4):e33014. - PMC - PubMed
Fernando 2004 {published data only}
    1. Fernando SD, Karunaweera ND, Fernando WP. Evaluation of a rapid whole blood immunochromatographic assay for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria. Ceylon Medical Journal 2004;49(1):7‐11. - PubMed
    1. Fernando SD, Karunaweera ND, Fernando WP, Attanayake N, Wickremasinghe AR. A cost analysis of the use of the rapid, whole‐blood, immunochromatographic Pf/Pv assay for the diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax malaria in rural areas of Sri Lanka. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 2004;98(1):5‐13. - PubMed
Harani 2006 {published data only}
    1. Harani MS, Beg MA, Khaleeq L, Adil SN, Kakepoto GN, Khurshid M. Role of ICT Malaria immunochromatographic test for rapid diagnosis of malaria. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2006;56(4):167‐71. - PubMed
Kolaczinski 2004 {published data only}
    1. Klolaczinski J, Mohammed N, Ali A, Ali M, Khan N, Ezard N, Rowland M. Comparison of the OptiMAL rapid antigen test with field microscopy for the detection of Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum: considerations for the application of the rapid test in Afghanistan. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 2004;98(1):15‐20. - PubMed
Kosack 2013 {published data only}
    1. Kosack CS, Naing WT, Piriou E, Shanks L. Routine parallel diagnosis of malaria using microscopy and the malaria rapid diagnostic test SD 05FK60: the experience of Médecins Sans Frontières in Myanmar. Malaria Journal 2013;12:167. - PMC - PubMed
Mekonnen 2010 {published data only}
    1. Mekonnen Z, Ali S, Belay G, Suleman S, Chatterjee S. Evaluation of the performance of Carestart Malaria Pf/Pf Combo rapid diagnostic test for the diagnosis of malaria in Jimma, southwestern Ethiopia. Acta Tropica 2010;113(3):285‐8. - PubMed
Metzger 2011 {published data only}
    1. Metzger WG, Vivas‐Martínez S, Giron A, Vaccari E, Campos E, Rodríguez I, et al. Assessment of routine malaria diagnosis in the Venezuelan Amazon. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2011;105(5):262‐8. - PubMed
Moges 2012 {published data only}
    1. Moges B, Amare B, Belyhun Y, Tekeste Z, Gizachew M, Workineh M, et al. Comparison of CareStart HRP2/pLDH COMBO rapid malaria test with light microscopy in north‐west Ethiopia. Malaria journal 2012;11:234. - PMC - PubMed
Mohon 2012 {published data only}
    1. Mohon AN, Elahi R, Podder MP, Mohiuddin K, Hossain MS, Khan WA, et al. Evaluation of the OnSite (Pf/Pan) rapid diagnostic test for diagnosis of clinical malaria. Malaria Journal 2012;11:415. - PMC - PubMed
Pattanasin 2003 {published data only}
    1. Pattanasin S, Proux S, Chompasuk D, Luwiradaj K, Jacquier P, Looareesuwan S, et al. Evaluation of a new plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase assay (OptiMAL‐IT) for the detection of malaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2003;97(6):672‐4. - PubMed
Rakotonirina 2008 {published data only}
    1. Rakotonirina H, Barnadas C, Raherijafy R, Andrianantenaina H, Ratsimbasoa A, Randrianasolo L, et al. Accuracy and reliability of malaria diagnostic techniques for guiding febrile outpatient treatment in malaria‐endemic countries. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2008;78(2):217‐21. - PubMed
Ratsimbasoa 2007 {published data only}
    1. Ratsimbasoa A, Randriamanantena A, Raherinjafy R, Rasoarilalao N, Ménard D. Which malaria rapid test for Madagascar? Field and laboratory evaluation of three test and expert microscopy of samples from suspected malaria patients in Madagascar. American Journal Of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2007;76(3):481‐5. - PubMed
Ratsimbasoa 2008 {published data only}
    1. Ratsimbasoa A, Fanazava L, Radrianjafy R, Ramilijaona J, Rafanomezantsoa H, Ménard D. Short report: Evaluation of two new immunochromatographic assays for diagnosis of malaria. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2008;79(5):670‐2. - PubMed
Samane 2010 {published data only}
    1. Samane AK, Nahid HZ, Saaed S, Khazen H, Ali H, Ahmad R, et al. Comparison of microscopy and RDTs techniques for laboratory detection of malaria. African Journal of Biotechnology 2010;9(10):1514‐6.
Selimuzzaman 2010 {published data only}
    1. Selimuzzaman SM, Islam SJ, Nahar Z, Das R, Rahman MA, Rahman MA. Malariagen malaria Pf/Pv antigen rapid test: a simple and effective tool for diagnosis of malaria in the far‐flung hilly areas of Bangladesh. Mymensingh Medical Journal 2010;19(1):94‐9. - PubMed
Sharew 2009 {published data only}
    1. Sharew B, Legesse M, Animut A, Jima D, Medhim G, Erkko B. Evaluation of the performance of CareStart Malaria Pf/Pv Combo and Paracheck Pf tests for the diagnosis of malaria in Wondo Genet, southern Ethiopia. Acta Tropica 2009;111(3):321‐4. - PubMed
Singh 2000a {published data only}
    1. Singh N, Saxena A, Valecha N. Field evaluation of the ICT Malaria Pf/Pv immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax infection in forest villages in Chhindwara, central India. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2000;5(11):765‐70. - PubMed
Singh 2003 {published data only}
    1. Singh N, Valecha N, Nagpal AC, Mishra SS, Varma HS, Subbaro SK. The hospital‐ and field‐based performances of the OptiMAL tests, for malaria diagnosis and treatment monitoring in central India. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 2003;97(1):5‐13. - PubMed
Singh 2010 {published data only}
    1. Singh N, Shukla MM, Shukla MK, Mehra RK, Sharma S, Bharti PK, et al. Field and laboratory comparative evaluation of rapid malaria diagnostic tests versus traditional and molecular techniques in India. Malaria Journal 2010;9:191. - PMC - PubMed
Tjitra 1999 {published data only}
    1. Tjitra E, Suprianto S, Dyer M, Currie BJ, Anstey NM. Field evaluation of the ICT malaria Pf/Pv immunochromatographic test in detection of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in patients with a presumptive clinical diagnosis of malaria in eastern Indonesia. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1999;37(8):2412‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Trouvay 2013 {published data only}
    1. Trouvay M, Palazon G, Berger F, Volney B, Blanchet D, Faway E, et al. High performance of histidine‐rich protein 2 based rapid diagnostic tests in French Guiana are explained by the absence of pfhrp2 gene deletion in P. falciparum. PLoS One 2013;8(9):e74269. - PMC - PubMed
Valecha 2003 {published data only}
    1. Valecha N, Singh N, Yadav RS, Dev V, Aggarwal A, Subbarao SK. Field evaluation of OptiMAL48 rapid malaria diagnostic test in India. Acta Parasitologica 2003;48(3):229‐32.
van den Broek 2006 {published data only}
    1. Broek I, Hill O, Gordillo F, Angarita B, Hamade P, Counihan H, et al. Evaluation of three rapid tests for diagnosis of P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria in Colombia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2006;75(6):1209‐15. - PubMed
Wongsrichanalai 2003 {published data only}
    1. Wongsrichanalai G, Arevalo I, Laoboonchai A, Yingyuen K, Miller RS, Magill AJ, et al. Rapid diagnostic devices for malaria: field evaluation of a new prototype immunochromatographic assay for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum and non‐falciparumPlasmodium. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2003;69(1):26‐30. - PubMed
Xiaodong 2013 {published data only}
    1. Xiaodong S, Tambo E, Chun W, Zhibin C, Yan D, Jian W, et al. Diagnostic performance of CareStartTM malaria HRP2/pLDH (Pf/pan) combo test versus standard microscopy on falciparum and vivax malaria between China‐Myanmar endemic borders. Malaria Journal 2013;12:6. - PMC - PubMed
Yan 2013 {published data only}
    1. Yan J, Li N, Wei X, Li P, Zhao Z, Wang L, et al. Performance of two rapid diagnostic tests for malaria diagnosis at the China‐Myanmar border area. Malaria Journal 2013;12:73. - PMC - PubMed

References to studies excluded from this review

Abeku 2008 {published data only}
    1. Abeku TA, Kristan M, Jones C, Beard J, Mueller DH, Okia M, et al. Determinants of the accuracy of rapid diagnostic tests in malaria case management: evidence from low and moderate transmission settings in the East African highlands. Malaria Journal 2008;7:202. - PMC - PubMed
Abul Faiz 2000 {published data only}
    1. Abul Faiz M, Rashid R, Palit R, Rahman MR, BinYunus E, Hussain A, et al. ParaSight‐F test results in cerebral malaria patients before and after treatment in Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2000;94(1):56‐7. - PubMed
Ademowo 2012 {published data only}
    1. Ademowo G. Evaluation of the relative performance of rapid diagnostic test products (Partec and Paracheck‐Pf) in the diagnosis of malaria in febrile children. 6th EDCTP Forum: Strengthening Research Partnerships for Better Health and Sustainable Development Addis Ababa Ethiopia; 2011 09‐12 Oct; Addis Ababa. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2012:58‐9.
Adesanmi 2011 {published data only}
    1. Adesanmi TA, Okafor HU, Okoro AB, Mafe AG. Diagnosis of malaria parasitemia in children using a rapid diagnostic test. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 2011;14(2):195‐200. - PubMed
A‐Elgayoum 2009 {published data only}
    1. A‐Elgayoum SME, El‐Feki AE‐KA, Mahgoub BA, El‐Rayah el‐A, Giha HA. Malaria overdiagnosis and burden of malaria misdiagnosis in the suburbs of central Sudan: special emphasis on artemisinin‐based combination therapy era. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 2009;64(1):28‐34. - PubMed
Afzaal 2001 {published data only}
    1. Afzaal S, Singh M, Fatima S, Koshy AA. Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2001;49:261‐5. - PubMed
Ahmad 2003 {published data only}
    1. Ahmad SQ, Abbasi SA, Tariq MA, Mirza SA, Salamat A. Evaluation of Plasmodium‐lactate dehydrogenase based immunochromatographic kit for the diagnosis of malaria. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan 2003;13(3):176‐7. - PubMed
Ahmed 2010 {published data only}
    1. Ahmed MU, Mahmud MC, Shamsuzzaman AK, Musa AK, Ahmed SU, Alam M, et al. Role of immunochromatographic test for rapid diagnosis of malaria. Mymensingh Medical Journal 2010;19(1):106‐9. - PubMed
Albertini 2012 {published data only}
    1. Albertini A, Djalle D, Faye B, Gamboa D, Luchavez J, Mationg ML, et al. Preliminary enquiry into the availability, price and quality of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in the private health sector of six malaria‐endemic countries. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2012;17(2):147‐52. - PubMed
Allen 2011 {published data only}
    1. Allen LK, Hatfield JM, DeVetten G, Ho JC, Manyama M. Reducing malaria misdiagnosis: the importance of correctly interpreting Paracheck Pf "faint test bands" in a low transmission area of Tanzania. BMC Infectious Diseases 2011;11:308. - PMC - PubMed
Anonymous 2005 {published data only}
    1. Anonymous. Micro moves against malaria. New Scientist 2005;187(2517):53.
Ansah 2008 {published data only}
    1. Ansah EK. A comparison of microscopy with rapid diagnostic tests for malaria in rural Ghana. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2008;79(6):91.
Ansah 2010 {published data only}
    1. Ansah EK, Narh‐Bana S, Epokor M, Akanpigbiam S, Quartey AA, Gyapong J, et al. Rapid testing for malaria in settings where microscopy is available and peripheral clinical where only presumptive treatment is available: a randomised controlled trial in Ghana. BMJ 2010;340:c930. - PMC - PubMed
Araz 2000 {published data only}
    1. Araz E, Tanyuksel M, Ardic N, Tabuk C. Performance of a commercial immunochromatographic test for the diagnosis of vivax malaria in Turkey. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2000;94(1):55‐6. - PubMed
Arcanjo 2007 {published data only}
    1. Arcanjo AL, Lacerda MVG, Alecrim WD, Alecrim MDC. Evaluation of the Optimal‐IT® and ICT P.f./P.v® rapid dipstick tests for diagnosing malaria within primary healthcare in the municipality of Manaus, Amazonas [Avaliação dos testes rápidos Optimal‐IT® e ICTP.f./P.v.® para o diagnóstico da malária, na Atenção Básica de Saúde, no município de Manaus, Amazonas]. Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 2007;40(1):88‐90. - PubMed
Ardic 2012 {published data only}
    1. Ardic N, Koru O. Rapid diagnostic tests in malaria. Nobel Medicus 2012;8(2):10‐5.
Arora 2003 {published data only}
    1. Arora S, Gaiha M, Arora A. Role of the Parasight‐F test in the diagnosis of complicated Plasmodium falciparum malarial infection. Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases 2003;7(5):332‐8. - PubMed
Arróspide 2004a {published data only}
    1. Arróspide N, Puray C, Guzmán E, Verano M, Medina S, Mendizábal S, et al. Use of rapid tests for detecting Plasmodium falciparum in blood donors in Peru [Uso de pruebas rápidas immunocromatográficas para la detección de Plasmodium falciparum en donantes de sangre en Perú]. Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública 2004;21(2):76‐82.
Arróspide 2004b {published data only}
    1. Arróspide NV, Marquiño WQ, Gutiérrez SG. Evaluation of an immunoassay ICT P.f/P.v for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in the local macroregion of northern Peru [Evaluación de una prueba inmunocromatográfica ICT P.f/P.v para el diagnóstico de malaria por Plasmodium falciparum y Plasmodium vivax en establecimientos de la macroregión norte del Perú]. Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública 2004;21(3):134‐8.
Arróspide 2006 {published data only}
    1. Arróspide V, Flores RP, Ruiz JC. Evaluation of a rapid test based on pLDH detection for the diagnosis of malaria in endemic areas of Peru [Evaluación de una prueba rápida basada para el diagnóstico de malaria en áreas endémicas del Perú]. Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública 2006;23(2):81‐6.
Ashley 2009 {published data only}
    1. Ashley EA, Touabi M, Ahrer M, Hutagalung R, Htun K, Luchavez J, et al. Evaluation of three parasite lactate dehydrogenase‐based rapid diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of falciparum and vivax malaria. Malaria Journal 2009;8:241. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ashley EA, Touabi M, Ahrer M, Hutagalung R, Htun K, Lwin M, et al. Evaluation of 3 rapid diagnostic tests: CareStartTM Malaria 3 line pLDH (pan, Pf), Optimal‐IT® PLDH (pan, Pf) and CarestartTM 2 line pLDH (pan) for the diagnosis of malaria in Myanmar. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2008;79(6):966.
Aslan 2001 {published data only}
    1. Aslan G, Ulukanligil M, Seyrek A, Erel O. Diagnostic performance characteristics of rapid dipstick test for Plasmodium vivax malaria. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 2001;96(5):683‐6. - PubMed
Assal 1999 {published data only}
    1. Assal A, Kauffmann‐Lacroix C, Rodier MH, Dardé ML, Houssay D, Jacquemin JL. Comparison of two techniques for detection of anti‐Plasmodium falciparum antibodies: Falciparum‐spot IF (Biomerieux) and Malaria IgG Celisa (BMD). Transfusion Clinique et Biologique 1999;6(2):119‐23. - PubMed
Avila 2002 {published data only}
    1. Avila PE, Kirchgatteri K, Brunialti KCS, Oliveira AM, Siciliano RF, Santi SM. Evaluation of a rapid dipstick test, Malar‐check, for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Brazil. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 2002;44(5):293‐6. - PubMed
Ayeh‐Kumi 2011 {published data only}
    1. Ayeh‐Kumi PF, Akalifa BG, Obeng Nkrumah N, Asmah RH, Dayie NTKD. Performance of rapid DiaMed OptiMal‐IT® malaria test in an endemic Ghanaian setting. Journal of Parasitic Diseases 2011;35(2):129‐33. - PMC - PubMed
Azazy 2004 {published data only}
    1. Azazy AA. Performance and accuracy of an immunodiagnostic antigen detection test in diagnosing Plasmodium falciparum among Yemeni patients. Annals of Saudi Medicine 2004;24(1):50‐1. - PMC - PubMed
Azikiwe 2012 {published data only}
    1. Azikiwe CCA, Ifezulike CC, Siminialayi IM, Amazu LU, Enye JC, Nwakwunite OE. A comparative laboratory diagnosis of malaria: Microscopy versus rapid diagnostic test kits. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012;2(4):307‐10. - PMC - PubMed
Babacar 2008 {published data only}
    1. Babacar F, Ndiaye JL, Diallo I, Tine RC, Seck I, Ba‐Fall F, et al. Feasibility of the rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) field use for malaria case management in Senegal. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2008;79(6):967.
Baiden 2012 {published data only}
    1. Baiden F, Webster J, Tivura M, Delimini R, Berko Y, Amenga‐Etego S, et al. Accuracy of rapid tests for malaria and treatment outcomes for malaria and non‐malaria cases among under‐five children in rural Ghana. PLoS One 2012;7(4):e34073. - PMC - PubMed
Baltzell 2013 {published data only}
    1. Baltzell KA, Shakely D, Hsiang M, Kemere J, Ali AS, Björkman A, et al. Prevalence of PCR detectable malaria infection among febrile patients with a negative Plasmodium falciparum specific rapid diagnostic test in Zanzibar. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2013;88(2):289‐91. - PMC - PubMed
Banchongaksorn 1996 {published data only}
    1. Banchongaksorn T, Yomokgul P, Panyim S, Rooney W, Vickers P. A field trial of the ParaSight‐F test for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1996;90(3):244‐5. - PubMed
Banchongaksorn 1997 {published data only}
    1. Banchongaksorn T, Prajakwong S, Rooney W, Vickers P. Operational trial of ParaSight‐F (dipstick) in the diagnosis of falciparum malaria at the primary health care level. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 1997;28(2):243‐6. - PubMed
Barber 2013 {published data only}
    1. Barber BE, William T, Grigg MJ, Piera K, Yeo TW, Anstey NM. Evaluation of the sensitivity of a pLDH‐based and an aldolase‐based rapid diagnostic test for diagnosis of uncomplicated and severe malaria caused by PCR‐confirmed Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium falciparum, and Plasmodium vivax. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2013;51(4):1118‐23. - PMC - PubMed
Bartoloni 1998 {published data only}
    1. Bartoloni A, Strohmeyer M, Sabatinelli G, Benucci M, Serni U, Paradisi F. False positive ParaSight‐F test for malaria in patients with rheumatoid factor. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1998;92(1):33‐4. - PubMed
Bassene 2009 {published data only}
    1. Bassene H, Kenge P, Ndiath MO, Sokhna C, Dupressoir T, Fontenille D, et al. Comparison of PCR, ELISA‐CSP and direct microscopic observation methods for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites in Anopheles gambiae M in Sengal. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique 2009;102(4):233‐7. - PubMed
Bassett 1991 {published data only}
    1. Bassett MT, Taylor P, Bvirakare J, Chiteka F, Govera E. Clinical diagnosis of malaria: can we improve?. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1991;94(1):65‐9. - PubMed
Batwala 2011 {published data only}
    1. Batwala V, Magnussen P, Hansen KS, Nuwaha F. Cost‐effectiveness of malaria microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests versus presumptive diagnosis: implications for malaria control in Uganda. Malaria Journal 2011;10:372. - PMC - PubMed
Beadle 1994 {published data only}
    1. Beadle C, Long GW, Weiss WR, McElroy PD, Maret SM, Oloo AJ, et al. Diagnosis of malaria by detection of Plasmodium falciparum HRP‐2 antigen with a rapid dipstick antigen‐capture assay. The Lancet 1994;343(8897):564‐8. - PubMed
Bechem 1999 {published data only}
    1. Bechem NN, Leke RFG, Tietche F, Taylor DW. Evaluation of rapid test for histidine rich protein 2 for diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Cameroonian children. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1999;93(1):46. - PubMed
Beg 2005 {published data only}
    1. Beg MA, Ali SS, Haqqee R, Khan MA, Qasim Z, Hussain R, et al. Rapid immunochromatography‐based detection of mixed‐species malaria infection in Pakistan. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2005;36(3):562‐4. - PubMed
Belizario 2005 {published data only}
    1. Belizario VY, Pasay CJ, Bersabe MJ, Leon WU, Guerrero DM, Bugaoisan VM. Field evaluation of malaria rapid diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of P. falciparum and non‐P. falciparum infections. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2005;36(3):552‐61. - PubMed
Bell 2005 {published data only}
    1. Bell DR, Wilson DW, Martin LB. False‐positive results of a Plasmodium falciparum histidine‐rich protein 2‐detecting malaria rapid diagnostic test due to high sensitivity in a community with fluctuating low parasite density. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2005;73(1):199‐203. - PubMed
Bell 2006 {published data only}
    1. Bell D, Peeling RW, WHO‐Regional Office for the Western Pacific/TDR. Evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests: malaria. Nature 2006;4(9 Suppl):S34‐8. - PubMed
Bellagra 1998 {published data only}
    1. Bellagra N, Ajana F, Caillaux M. ParaSight F in the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Pathologie Biologie 1998;46(5):301‐6. - PubMed
Bendezu 2008 {published data only}
    1. Bendezu J. Field evaluation of a rapid malaria diagnostic test (Parascreen) for malaria diagnosis in the Peruvian Amazon. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2008;79(6):960.
Berens‐Riha 2009 {published data only}
    1. Berens‐Riha N, Sinicina E, Fleischmann E, Löscher T. Comparison of different methods for delayed post‐mortem diagnosis of falciparum malaria. Malaria Journal 2009;8:244. - PMC - PubMed
Bhandari 2008 {published data only}
    1. Bhandari TS, Rai S, Naik R, Raghuveer CV. Specificity and sensitivity of rapid diagnostic test in the detection of falciparum malaria. Indian Journal of Medical Research 2008;127:638.
Bhat 2012 {published data only}
    1. Bhat Sandhya K, Sastry Apurba S, Nagaraj ER, Mannur S, Sastry Anand S. Laboratory diagnosis of malaria by conventional peripheral blood smear examination with Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC) and Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT) ‐ A comparative study. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine and Public Health 2012;4(10):1746‐55.
Bhatt 1994 {published data only}
    1. Bhatt KM. Laboratory diagnosis of malaria: an overview. African Journal of General Practice 1994;1(1):12. - PubMed
Birku 1999 {published data only}
    1. Birku Y, Welday D, Ayele D, Shepherd A. Rapid diagnosis of severe malaria based on the detection of Pf‐HRP‐2 antigen. Ethiopian Medical Journal 1999;37(3):173‐9. - PubMed
Bisoffi 2009a {published data only}
    1. Bisoffi Z, Sirima BS, Angheben A, Lodesani C, Gobbi F, Tinto H, et al. Rapid malaria diagnostic tests vs. clinical management of malaria in rural Burkina Faso: safety and effect on clinical decisions. A randomized trial. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2009;14(5):491‐8. - PubMed
Bisoffi 2009b {published data only}
    1. Bisoffi Z, Gobbi F, Angheben A, Ende J. The role of rapid diagnostic tests in managing malaria. PLoS Medicine 2009;6(4):e1000063. - PMC - PubMed
Bisoffi 2011 {published data only}
    1. Bisoffi Z, Sodiomon Sirima B, Meheus F, Lodesani C, Gobbi F, Angheben F, et al. A cost benefit analysis of malaria rapid diagnostic tests for adults and children in Burkina Faso. 7th European Congress on Tropical Medicine and International Health; 2011 03‐06 Oct; Barcelona. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2011:107.
Biswas 2004 {published data only}
    1. Biswas S. Inter‐test comparison between filter paper absorbed blood eluate and serum for malaria serology by enzyme immunoassay: an operational feasibility. Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry 2004;25(4):399‐410. - PubMed
Biswas 2006 {published data only}
    1. Biswas S. Assessment of immunometric parameters in malaria: role of enzyme immunoassay. Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry 2006;27(4):341‐50. - PubMed
Bjorkman 2011 {published data only}
    1. Bjorkman A. The use of rapid diagnostic tests for measuring malaria transmission. 7th European Congress on Tropical Medicine and International Health; 2011 03‐06 Oct; Barcelona. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2011:12.
Bojang 1999 {published data only}
    1. Bojang KA. The diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Gambian children, by field staff using the rapid, manual, ParaSight‐F test. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 1999;93(7):685‐7. - PubMed
Bouchaud 2000 {published data only}
    1. Bouchaud O, Houzé S, Longuet C, Piazza JP, Ruggieri C, Sécardin Y, et al. Use of the Parasight‐F diagnostic test for imported malaria in a travel clinic. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2000;63(1‐2):76‐9. - PubMed
Bouyou Akotet 2013 {published data only}
    1. Bouyou Akotet MK, Mawili‐Mboumba DP, Madoungou B, Kombila M. Performances of malaria P.f/Pan rapid test device Acon® (Pf HRP2/pan aldolase) and malaria Pf rapid test device Acon® (Pf HRP2) for the diagnosis of malaria in adults and children living in Gabon, Central Africa. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 2013;77(1):58‐63. - PubMed
Brenier‐Pinchart 2000 {published data only}
    1. Brenier‐Pinchart MP, Pinel C, Croisonnier A, Brion JP, Faure O, Ponard D, et al. Diagnosis of malaria in non‐endemic countries by the ParaSight‐F test. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2000;63(3‐4):150‐2. - PubMed
Bruxvoort 2008 {published data only}
    1. Bruxvoort K, Khatib RA, Abdulah SM, Kahigwa E, Kachur SP, McMorrow ML. Variable sensitivity of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in household surveys ‐ Tanzania 2006. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2008;79(6):957.
Bualombai 2003 {published data only}
    1. Bualombai P, Prajakwong S, Aussawatheerakul H, Congpuong K, Sudathip S, Thimasarn K, et al. Determining cost‐effectiveness and cost‐component of three malaria diagnostic models being used in remote non‐microscope areas. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2003;34(2):322‐33. - PubMed
Bualombai 2008 {published data only}
    1. Bualombai P, Balachandra K, Dhepaksorn P, Congpuong K, Satimai W. The validation of DMSC Malaria Pf/Pv rapid diagnostic device for the detection of non‐falciparum malaria in Thailand in 2006. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2008;79(6):958.
Buchachart 2004 {published data only}
    1. Buchachart K, Krudsood S, Nacher M, Chindanond D, Rungmatcha P, Kano S, et al. Evaluation of the KAT‐Quick Malaria Rapid Test for rapid diagnosis of falciparum malaria in Thailand. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2004;35(1):35‐7. - PubMed
Buhalata 2011 {published data only}
    1. Buhalata SN, Massaga JJ. Performance of ParaHIT and OptiMAL tests in the diagnosis of malaria in Mwanza, north‐western Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Health Research 2011;13(1):48‐53. - PubMed
Bujanover 2002 {published data only}
    1. Bujanover S, Shwartz E. Quick detection of malaria. Israel Medical Association Journal 2002;4(12):1167. - PubMed
Cabezas 2004 {published data only}
    1. Cabezas CS, Arróspide NV, Marquiño WQ, Gutiérrez SS, Álvarez EM, Chuquipiondo JR, et al. Evaluation of the use of a rapid immunochromatographic test for health workers to diagnose malaria in rural areas of the Peruvian Amazon [Evaluación del uso de una prueba rápida inmunocromatográfica en promotores de salud para el diagnóstico de la malaria en áreas rurales de la Amazonia peruana]. Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Publica 2004;20(1):4‐11.
Caraballo 1996 {published data only}
    1. Caraballo A, Ache A. The evaluation of a dipstick test for Plasmodium falciparum in mining areas of Venezuela. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1996;55(5):482‐4. - PubMed
Carmona Fonseca 2010 {published data only}
    1. Carmona Fonseca J, Gallego AF, Flórez EA, Agudelo García OM, Maestre Buitrago A. Now ICT malaria Pf/Pv® frente a microscopía (gota gruesa‐extendido) para diagnóstico de malaria en Urabá (Colombia). Iatreia 2010;23(2):137‐45.
Cavallo 1997 {published data only}
    1. Cavallo JD, Hernandez E, Gerome P, Plotton N, Debord T, Vagueresse R. Serum HRP‐2 antigens and imported Plasmodium falciparum malaria: comparison of ParaSight‐F and ICT malaria P.f. Médecine Tropicale 1997;57(4):353‐6. - PubMed
Chaijaroenkul 2011 {published data only}
    1. Chaijaroenkul W, Wongchai T, Ruangweerayut R, Na‐Bangchang K. Evaluation of rapid diagnostics for Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in Mae Sot malaria endemic area, Thailand. Korean Journal of Parasitology 2011;49(1):33‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Chatterjee 2008 {published data only}
    1. Chatterjee K, Chand P. Evaluation of the Rapid in Bios malaria kit for the detection of malaria LDH antigen in human blood. Vox Sanguinis 2008;95:31.
Cheng 2006 {published data only}
    1. Cheng A, Bell D. Evidence behind the WHO guidelines: hospital care for children: what is the precision of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria?. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 2006;52(6):386‐9. - PubMed
Chilton 2006 {published data only}
    1. Chilton D, Malik ANJ, Armstrong M, Kettelhut M, Parker‐Williams J, Chiodini PL. Use of rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosis of malaria in the UK. Journal of Clinical Pathology 2006;59(8):862‐6. - PMC - PubMed
Chinkhumba 2010 {published data only}
    1. Chinkhumba J, Skarbinksi J, Chilima B, Campbell C, Ewing V, San Joaquin M, et al. Comparative field performance and adherence to test results of four rapid diagnostic tests among febrile patients more than five years of age in Blantyre, Malawi. Malaria Journal 2010;9:209. - PMC - PubMed
Chinkhumba 2012 {published data only}
    1. Chinkhumba J, Nyanda M, Skarbinski J, Mathanga DP. Performance of two malaria rapid diagnostic tests in febrile adult patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus‐1 infection in Blantyre, Malawi. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2012;86(2):199‐202. - PMC - PubMed
Chiodini 1998 {published data only}
    1. Chiodini PL. Non‐microscopic methods for diagnosis of malaria. Lancet 1998;351(9096):80‐1. - PubMed
Chiodini 2005 {published data only}
    1. Chiodini PL. New diagnostics in parasitology. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 2005;19(1):267‐70. - PubMed
Chitkara 2004 {published data only}
    1. Chitkara A, Ahmed FU. Test for rapid diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Indian Journal of Community Medicine 2004;23:173‐4.
Cho 2001 {published data only}
    1. Cho D, Kim KH, Park SC, Kim YK, Lee KN, Lim CS. Evaluation of rapid immunocapture assays for diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax in Korea. Parasitology Research 2001;87(6):445‐8. - PubMed
Cho 2011 {published data only}
    1. Cho C‐H, Nam MH, Kim JS, Han ET, Lee WJ, Oh JS, et al. Genetic variability in Plasmodium vivax aldolase gene in Korean isolates and the sensitivity of the Binax Now malaria test. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2011;16(2):223‐6. - PubMed
Cnops 2011 {published data only}
    1. Cnops L, Boderie M, Gillet P, Esbroeck M, Jacobs J. Rapid diagnostic tests as a source of DNA for Plasmodium species‐specific real‐time PCR. Malaria Journal 2011;10:67. - PMC - PubMed
Coleman 2002a {published data only}
    1. Coleman RE, Maneechai N, Ponlawat A, Kumpitak C, Rachapaew N, Miller RS, et al. Short report: Failure of the OptiMAL rapid malaria test as a tool for the detection of asymptomatic malaria in an area of Thailand endemic for Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2002;67(6):563‐5. - PubMed
Coleman 2002b {published data only}
    1. Coleman RE, Maneechai N, Rachapaew N, Kumpitak C, Soyseng V, Miller RS, et al. Field evaluation of the ICT Malaria Pf/Pv immunochromatographic test for the detection of asymptomatic malaria in a Plasmodium falciparum/vivax endemic area in Thailand. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2002;66(4):379‐83. - PubMed
Cong le 2002 {published data only}
    1. Cong le D, Sergiev VP, Rabinovich SA, Nhah DH, Huong NV, Morozov EN, et al. Efficiency and specificity of the KAT‐test for rapid diagnosis of falciparum malaria. Meditsinskaia Parazitologiia i Parazitarnye Bolezni 2002;2:17‐20. - PubMed
Cooke 1999 {published data only}
    1. Cooke AH, Chiodini PL, Doherty T, Moody AH, Ries J, Pinder M. Comparison of a parasite lactate dehydrogenase‐based immunochromatographic antigen detection assay (OptiMAL) with microscopy for the detection of malaria parasites in human blood samples. American Journal of Tropcial Medicine and and Hygiene 1999;60(2):173‐6. - PubMed
Craig 1997 {published data only}
    1. Craig MH, Sharp BL. Comparative evaluation of four techniques for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infections. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1997;91(3):279‐82. - PubMed
Craig 2002 {published data only}
    1. Craig MH, Bredenkamp BL, Williams CHV, Rossouw EJ, Kelly VJ, Kleinschmidt I, et al. Field and laboratory comparative evaluation of ten rapid malaria diagnostic tests. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2002;96(3):258‐65. - PubMed
Cropley 2000 {published data only}
    1. Cropley IM, Lockwood DN, Mack D, Pasvol G, Davidson RN. Rapid diagnosis of Falciparum malaria by using the ParaSight F test in travellers returning to the United Kingdom: prospective study. British Medical Journal 2000;321(7259):484‐5. - PMC - PubMed
Cuadros 2007 {published data only}
    1. Cuadros J, Martín‐Rabadán P, Merino FJ, Delgado‐Irribarren A, Garcia‐Bujalance S, Rubio JM. Malaria diagnosis by NOW ICT and expert microscopy in comparison with multiplex polymerase chain reaction in febrile returned travellers. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2007;26(9):671‐3. - PubMed
Davoodian 2011 {published data only}
    1. Davoodian P, Daryanavard A, Safari R, Eqbal Eftekhaari T, Khalilzadeh M, Fekri S, et al. Rapid diagnosing test in malaria screening. 21st ECCMID/27th ICC; 2011 07‐10 May; Milan. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2011:S396.
Dawoud 2008 {published data only}
    1. Dawoud HA, Ageely HM, Heiba AA. Comparison of two commercial assays and microscopy with PCR for diagnosis of malaria. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 2008;38(2):329‐38. - PubMed
de Carsalade 2009 {published data only}
    1. Carsalade GY, Lam Kam R, Lepere JF, Brettes A, Peyramond D. Can the thick drop/smear examination for malaria be replaced by a rapid diagnostic test in first intention? The Mayotte experience. Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 2009;39(1):36‐40. - PubMed
de Dominguez 1996 {published data only}
    1. Dominguez N, Rodriguez‐Acosta A. Glutamate dehydrogenase antigen detection in Plasmodium falciparum infections. Korean Journal of Parasitology 1996;34(4):239‐46. - PubMed
Delaunay 2008 {published data only}
    1. Delaunay P, Estran‐Pomares C, Marty P. Malaria diagnosis: thickdrop and bloodsmear examination, and rapid test. Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 2008;38(Suppl 2):S121‐3. - PubMed
Deletoille 1987 {published data only}
    1. Deletoille P, Prou O. Value of rapid diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum using indirect monoclonal immunofluorescence. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique et de Ses Filiales 1987;80(3 Pt 2):569‐80. - PubMed
De Monbrison 2004 {published data only}
    1. Monbrison F, Gérome P, Chaulet JF, Wallon M, Picot S, Peyron F. Comparative diagnostic performance of two commercial rapid tests for malaria in a non‐endemic area. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2004;23(10):784‐6. - PubMed
de Oliveira 2007 {published data only}
    1. Oliveira AM, Skarbinski J, Ouma PO, Kariuki S, Barnwell JW, Otieno K, et al. Malaria rapid diagnostic test use in performance by facility‐based health workers in western Kenya. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2007;77:338 (abstract number).
    1. Oliveira AM, Skarbinski J, Ouma PO, Kariuki S, Barnwell JW, Otieno K, et al. Peformance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests as part of routine malaria case management in Kenya. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2009;80(3):470‐4. - PubMed
Devi 2002 {published data only}
    1. Devi G, Indumathi VA, Sridharan D, Srinivas BPR, Sandhya BMR. Evaluation of paraHIT strip test for diagnosis of malaria infection. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 2002;56(10):489‐94. - PubMed
Diarra 2012 {published data only}
    1. Diarra A, Nébié I, Tiono A, Sanon S, Soulama I, Ouédraogo A, et al. Seasonal performance of a malaria rapid diagnosis test at community health clinics in a malaria‐hyperendemic region of Burkina Faso. Parasites and Vectors 2012;5:103. - PMC - PubMed
Dietze 1995 {published data only}
    1. Dietze R, Perkins M, Boulos M, Luz F, Reller B, Corey G R. The diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection using a new antigen detection system. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1995;52(1):45‐9. - PubMed
Di Perry 1997 {published data only}
    1. Perry G, Olliaro P, Nardi S, Allegranzi B, Deganello R, Vento S, et al. The Parasight‐F rapid dipstick antigen capture assay for monitoring parasite clearance after drug treatment for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1997;91(4):403‐5. - PubMed
Di Santi 2011 {published data only}
    1. Santi SM, Lima G, Levi JE, Geraldi M, Arroyo Sanchez MC, Segurado AA, et al. Real‐time PCR, nested PCR and immunoassay in blood samples processed in pool, as a platform for molecular andserological diagnosis of malaria on large‐scale. 7th European Congress on Tropical Medicine and International Health; 2011 03‐06 October; Barcelona. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2011:129.
Drakeley 2009 {published data only}
    1. Drakeley C, Reyburn H. Out with the old, in with the new: the utility of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria diagnosis in Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2009;103(4):333‐7. - PubMed
Dubarry 1990 {published data only}
    1. Dubarry M, Luilier M, Malot N, Bayard P, Lambin P, Prou O, et al. Enzyme immunoassays for detection of malarial antigens in human plasma by Plasmodium falciparum monoclonal antibodies. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1990;43(2):116‐23. - PubMed
Durand 2005 {published data only}
    1. Durand F, Faure O, Brion JP, Pelloux H. Invalid result of Plasmodium falciparum malaria detection with the BinaxNOW Malaria rapid diagnostic test. Journal of Medical Microbiology 2005;54(Pt 11):1115. - PubMed
Durand 2007 {published data only}
    1. Durand F, Crassous B, Fricker‐Hidalgo H, Carpentier F, Brion JP, Grillot R, et al. Performance of the Now Malaria rapid diagnostic test with returned travellers: a 2‐year retrospective study in a French teaching hospital. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2007;11(11):903‐7. - PubMed
Durrheim 1998 {published data only}
    1. Durrheim DN, Govere J, Grange JJP, Mabuza A. Rapid immunochromatographic diagnosis and Rolling Back Malaria ‐ experiences from an African control programme. African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 2001;30:Suppl: 21‐4. - PubMed
    1. Durrheim DN, Grange JJ, Govere J, Mngomezulu NM. Accuracy of a rapid immunochromatographic card test for Plasmodium falciparum in a malaria control programme in South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1998;92(1):32‐3. - PubMed
Dyer 2000 {published data only}
    1. Dyer ME, Tjitra E, Currie BJ, Anstey NM. Failure of the 'pan‐malarial' antibody of the ICT Malaria P.f/P.v immunochromatographic test to detect symptomatic Plasmodium malariae infection. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2000;94(5):518. - PubMed
Dzakah 2013 {published data only}
    1. Dzakah EE, Kang K, Ni C, Wang H, Wu P, Tang S, et al. Plasmodium vivax aldolase‐specific monoclonal antibodies and its application in clinical diagnosis of malaria infections in China. Malaria Journal 2013;12:199. - PMC - PubMed
Eisen 2000 {published data only}
    1. Eisen DP, Saul A. Disappearance of pan‐malarial antigen reactivity using the ICT Malaria P.f/P.v (TM) kit parallels decline of patent parasitaemia as shown by microscopy. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2000;94(2):169‐70. - PubMed
Elmardi 2009 {published data only}
    1. Elmardi KA, Malik EM, Abdelgadir T, Ali SH, Elsyed AH, Mudather MA, et al. Feasibility and acceptability of home‐based management of malaria strategy adapted to Sudan's conditions using artemisinin‐based combination therapy and rapid diagnostic test. Malaria Journal 2009;8:39. - PMC - PubMed
El‐Moamly 2007 {published data only}
    1. Moamly AMAR. Antigen capture immuno‐chromatographic strip format in detecting parasite‐specific lactate dehydrogenase to diagnose malaria in non‐immune patients. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 2007;37(3):1017‐30. - PubMed
Endeshaw 2008 {published data only}
    1. Endeshaw TG, Teshome NJ, Graves PM, Shargie EB, Ejigsemahu Y, Ayele B, et al. Evaluation of light microscopy and rapid diagnostic test for the detection of malaria under operational field conditions: a household survey in Ethiopia. Malaria Journal 2008;7:118. - PMC - PubMed
Endeshaw 2010 {published data only}
    1. Endeshaw T, Graves PM, Shargie EB, Gebre T, Ayele B, Yohannes G, et al. Comparison of Parascreen Pan/Pf, Paracheck Pf and light microscopy for detection of malaria among febrile patients, Northwest Ethiopia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2010;104(7):467‐74. - PubMed
Existe 2010 {published data only}
    1. Existe A, Freeman N, Boncy J, Magloire R, Vely JF, Chang M, et al. Rapid tests for malaria‐Haiti 2010. Journal of the American Medical Association 2010;304(23):2585‐6.
Falade 2013 {published data only}
    1. Falade CO, Adesina‐Adewole B, Dada‐Adegbola HO, Ajayi IO, Akinyemi JO, Ademowo OG, et al. Evaluation of Paracheck‐PfTM rapid malaria diagnostic test for the diagnosis of malaria among HIV‐positive patients in Ibadan, south‐western Nigeria. Pathogens and Global Health 2013;107(2):69‐77. - PMC - PubMed
Fan 2000 {published data only}
    1. Fan B, Zhang ZX, Wen RS. Diagnosis of falciparum malaria using ICT. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases 2000;18(5):281. - PubMed
Fancony 2013 {published data only}
    1. Fancony C, Sebastião YV, Pires JE, Gamboa D, Nery SV. Performance of microscopy and RDTs in the context of malaria prevalence survey in Angola: a comparison using PCR as the gold standard. Malaria Journal 2013;12:284. - PMC - PubMed
Farcas 2003 {published data only}
    1. Farcas GA, Zhong KJY, Lovegrove FE, Graham CM, Kain KC. Evaluation of the Binax NOW ICT test versus polymerase chain reaction and microscopy for the detection of malaria in returned travellers. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2003;69(6):589‐92. - PubMed
Farcas 2004 {published data only}
    1. Farcas GA, Zhong KJY, Mazzulli T, Kain KC. Evaluation of the RealArt Malaria LC real‐time PCR assay for malaria diagnosis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2004;42(2):636‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Ferro 2002 {published data only}
    1. Ferro BE, Gonzalez IJ, Carvajal Fd, Palma GI, Saravia NG. Performance of OptiMAL® in the diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infections in a malaria referral center in Colombia. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 2002;97(5):731‐5. - PubMed
Figueiredo Filho 2003 {published data only}
    1. Figueiredo Filho AF, Figueredo MC, Nascimento JM, Calvosa VSP, Póvoa MM, Machado RLD. Performance of an immunochromatography test for vivax malaria in the Amazon region, Brazil. Revista de Saúde Pública 2003;37(3):390‐2. - PubMed
Fogg 2008 {published data only}
    1. Fogg C, Twesigye R, Batwala V, Piola P, Nabasumba C, Kiguli J, et al. Assessment of three new parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pan‐pLDH) tests for diagnosis of uncomplicated malaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2008;102(1):25‐31. - PubMed
Forney 2001 {published data only}
    1. Forney JR, Magill AJ, Wongsrichanalai C, Sirichaisinthop J, Bautista CT, Heppner DG, et al. Malaria rapid diagnostic devices: performance characteristics of the ParaSight F device determined in a multisite field study. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2001;39(8):2884‐90. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Magill AJ, Wongrichalanai C, Forney JR, Bautista C, Sirichasinthop A, Andersen EM, et al. Performance characteristics of a prototype malaria rapid diagnostic device (MRDD) for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2000;31(1):472.
Forney 2003 {published data only}
    1. Forney JR, Wongsrichanalai C, Magill AJ, Craig LG, Sirichaisinthop J, Bautista CT, et al. Devices for rapid diagnosis of malaria: evaluation of prototype assays that detect Plasmodium falciparum histidine‐rich protein 2 and a Plasmodium vivax‐specific antigen. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2003;41(6):2358‐66. - PMC - PubMed
Fryauff 1997 {published data only}
    1. Fryauff DJ, Gomez‐Saladin E, Purnomo, Sumawinata I, Sutamihardja MA, Tuti S, et al. Comparative performance of the ParaSight F test for detection of Plasmodium falciparum in malaria‐immune and nonimmune populations in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1997;75(6):547‐52. - PMC - PubMed
Fryauff 2000 {published data only}
    1. Fryauff DJ, Purnomo, Sutamihardja MA, Elyazar IR, Susanti I, Krisin, et al. Performance of the OptiMAL assay for detection and identification of malaria infections in asymptomatic residents of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2000;63(3‐4):139‐45. - PubMed
Funk 1999 {published data only}
    1. Funk M, Schlagenhauf P, Tschopp A, Steffen R. MalaQuick versus ParaSight F as a diagnostic aid in travellers' malaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1999;93(3):268‐72. - PubMed
Garavelli 2002 {published data only}
    1. Garavelli PL. Diagnosis of malaria with immunochromatographic test: The Novara experience. Recenti Progressi in Medicina 2002;93(12):682. - PubMed
Garcia 1996 {published data only}
    1. Garcia M, Marlborough D. A rapid immunochromatographic tests (ICT) for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Journal of Parasitic Diseases 1996;20(1):64.
Gatti 2002 {published data only}
    1. Gatti S, Bernuzzi AM, Bisoffi Z, Raglio A, Gulletta M, Scaglia M, et al. Multicentre study in patients with imported malaria, on the sensitivity and specificity of a dipstick test (ICT Malaria P.f./P.v.) compared with expert microscopy. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 2002;96(1):15‐8. - PubMed
Gatti 2007 {published data only}
    1. Gatti S, Gramegna M, Bisoffi Z, Raglio A, Gulletta M, Klersy C, et al. A comparison of three diagnostic techniques for malaria: a rapid diagnostic test (NOW Malaria), PCR and microscopy. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 2007;101(3):195‐204. - PubMed
Gaye 1998 {published data only}
    1. Gaye O, Diouf M, Dansokho EF, McLaughlin G, Diallo S. Diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria using ParaSight F, ICT malaria Pf and malaria IgG CELISA assays. Parasite 1998;5(2):189‐92. - PubMed
Gaye 1999 {published data only}
    1. Gaye O, Diouf M, Diallo S. A comparison of thick smears, QBC malaria, PCR and PATH falciparum malaria test trip in Plasmodium falciparum diagnosis. Parasite 1999;6(3):273‐5. - PubMed
Gelaglie 2010 {published data only}
    1. Gelaglie AK. Performance of four rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosis of falciparum and non‐falciparum malaria in endemic areas of Gondar region, Northern Ethopia. 14th International Congress on Infectious Diseases (ICID); 2010 09‐12 Mar; Miami. 14th International Congress on Infectious Diseases (ICID) Abstracts. 2010.
Gerstl 2009 {published data only}
    1. Gerstl S, Dunkley S, Mukhtar A, Smet M, Baker A, Maikere J. Assessment of two malaria rapid diagnostic tests, with follow‐up of positive pLDH test results, in a hyperendemic falciparum malaria area. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2009;14(Suppl 2):92.
Ghanchi 2009 {published data only}
    1. Ghanchi NK, Beg MA, Hussain R. Estimation of parasite load using rapid diagnostic test ICT (R) Now Malaria P.f/P.v in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 2009;41(8):597‐601. - PubMed
Ghosh 2000 {published data only}
    1. Ghosh SK, Titus Burk E, Valecha N, Murugendrappa MV, Sharma VP. Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) for detection of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Karnataka, India. Journal of Parasitic Diseases 2000;24:39‐42.
Ghouth 2012 {published data only}
    1. Ghouth AS, Nasseb FM, Al‐Kaldy KH. The accuracy of the first response histidine‐rich protein2 rapid diagnostic test compared with malaria microscopy for guiding field treatment in an outbreak of falciparum malaria. Tropical Parasitology 2012;2(1):35‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Gillet 2009a {published data only}
    1. Gillet P, Bosselaers K, Cnops L, Bottieau E, Esbroeck M, Jacobs J. Evaluation of the SD FK70 malaria Ag Plasmodium vivax rapid diagnostic test in a non‐endemic setting. Malaria Journal 2009;8:129. - PMC - PubMed
Gillet 2009b {published data only}
    1. Gillet P, Mori M, Esbroeck M, Ende J, Jacobs J. Assessment of the prozone effect in malaria rapid diagnostic tests. Malaria Journal 2009;8:271. - PMC - PubMed
Gillet 2009c {published data only}
    1. Gillet P, Dijk DP, Bottieau E, Cnops L, Esbroeck M, Jacobs J. Test characteristics of the SD FK80 Plasmodium falciparum/ Plasmodium vivax malaria rapid diagnostic test in a non‐endemic setting. Malaria Journal 2009;8:262. - PMC - PubMed
Gillet 2011 {published data only}
    1. Gillet P, Scheirlinck A, Stokx J, Weggheleire A, Chaúque HS, Canhanga OD, et al. Prozone in malaria rapid diagnostics tests: how many cases are missed?. Malaria Journal 2011;10:166. - PMC - PubMed
Gogtay 1999 {published data only}
    1. Gogtay NJ, Kotwani RN, Rajgor D, Kanbur A, Karnad DR, Kshirsagar NA. Serial ParaSight‐F test in patients with severe malaria. Indian Journal of Malariology 1999;36(3‐4):94‐5. - PubMed
Gogtay 2003 {published data only}
    1. Gogtay NJ, Dalvi SS, Rajgor D, Chogle AR, Karnad DR, Ramdas M, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic utility of rapid strip (OptiMAL and Paracheck) versus conventional smear microscopy in adult patients of acute, uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Mumbai, India. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2003;51:762‐5. - PubMed
Goh 2013 {published data only}
    1. Goh XT, Lim YA, Vythilingam I, Chew CH, Lee PC, Ngui R, et al. Increased detection of Plasmodium knowlesi in Sandakhan division, Sabah as revealed by PlasmoNexTM. Malaria Journal 2013;12:264. - PMC - PubMed
Gomes 2013 {published data only}
    1. Gomes LT, Tada MS, Katsuragawa TH, Povoa MM, Viana GMR, Alecrim MdGC, et al. Low sensitivity of malaria rapid diagnostic tests stored at room temperature in the Brazilian Amazon region. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2013;7(3):243‐52. - PubMed
Gonzáles‐Cerón 2005 {published data only}
    1. González‐Cerón L, Rodríguez MH, Betanzos AF, Abadía A. Efficacy of a rapid test to diagnose Plasmodium vivax in symptomatic patients of Chiapas, Mexico. Salud Pública de México 2005;47(4):282‐7. - PubMed
Grobusch 1999 {published data only}
    1. Grobusch MP, Alpermann U, Schwenke S, Jelinek T, Warhurst DC. False‐positive rapid tests for malaria in patients with rheumatoid factor. Lancet 1999;353(9149):297. - PubMed
Grobusch 2002 {published data only}
    1. Grobusch MP, Hänscheid T, Zoller T, Jelinek T, Burchard GD. Rapid immunochromatographic malarial antigen detection unreliable for detecting Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2002;21(11):818‐20. - PubMed
Grobusch 2003a {published data only}
    1. Grobusch MP, Hänscheid T, Göbels K, Slevogt H, Zoller T, Rögler G, et al. Sensitivity of P. vivax rapid antigen detection tests and possible implications for self‐diagnostic use. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 2003;1(2):119‐22. - PubMed
Grobusch 2003b {published data only}
    1. Grobusch MP, Hänscheid T, Göbels K, Slevogt H, Zoller T, Rögler G, et al. Comparison of three antigen detection tests for diagnosis and follow‐up of falciparum malaria in travellers returning to Berlin, Germany. Parasitology Research 2003;89(5):354‐7. - PubMed
Gupta 2001 {published data only}
    1. Gupta MK, Misra RN, Chawla N, Mani H, Chowdhry CN, Singh SP. Immunochromatographic test: a new dimensions in diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Medical Journal of the Armed Forces of India 2001;57(3):188‐90. - PMC - PubMed
Guthmann 2002 {published data only}
    1. Guthmann JP, Ruiz A, Priotto G, Kiguli J, Bonte L, Legros D. Validity, reliability and ease of use in the field of five rapid tests for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Uganda. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2002;96(3):254‐7. - PubMed
Gutierrez 2005 {published data only}
    1. Gutierrez Y, Paco G, Romero L, Gonzáles J‚ Peñar LM, Gimenez T. Fluorometers; a rapid and simple method for evaluating the Antimalarial Activity [Fluorometría; un método rápido y sencillo para evaluar la Actividad Antipalúdica]. Biofarbo 2005;13(13):3‐10.
Hada 2011 {published data only}
    1. Hada S, Das ML, Singh YI. Diagnostic methods of malaria in Eastern Nepal: a comparative study of traditional and two rapid diagnostic tests. Nepal Medical College Journal: NMCJ 2011;13(4):261‐6. - PubMed
Haditsch 2004 {published data only}
    1. Haditsch M. Quality and reliability of current malaria diagnostic methods. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 2004;2(3‐4):149‐60. - PubMed
Hance 2005 {published data only}
    1. Hance P, Garnotel E, Pina JJ, Vedy S, Ragot C, Chadli M, et al. Rapid immunochromatographic tests for detection of malaria: principles and strategies for use. Médecine Tropicale 2005;65(4):389‐93. - PubMed
Hänscheid 1999 {published data only}
    1. Hänscheid T. Diagnosis of malaria: a review of alternatives to conventional microscopy. Clinical and Laboratory Haematology 1999;21(4):235‐45. - PubMed
Happi 2004 {published data only}
    1. Happi CT, Gbotosho GO, Sowunmi A, Falade CO, Akinboye DO, Oladepo O, et al. Malaria diagnosis: false negative ParaSight‐F tests in falciparum malaria patients in Nigeria. African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 2004;33(1):15‐8. - PubMed
Harchut 2013 {published data only}
    1. Harchut K, Standley C, Dobson A, Klaassen B, Rambaud‐Althaus C, Althaus F, et al. Over‐diagnosis of malaria by microscopy in the Kilombero Valley, Southern Tanzania: an evaluation of the utility and cost‐effectiveness of rapid diagnostic tests. Malaria Journal 2013;12:159. - PMC - PubMed
Hashizume 2006 {published data only}
    1. Hashizume M, Kondo H, Murakami T, Kodama M, Nakahara S, Lucas MES, et al. Use of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria in an emergency situation after the flood disaster in Mozambique. Public Health 2006;120(5):444‐7. - PubMed
Hawkes 2009 {published data only}
    1. Hawkes M, Katsuva JP, Masumbuko CK. Use and limitations of malaria rapid diagnostic testing by community health workers in war‐torn Democratic Republic of Congo. Malaria Journal 2009;8:308. - PMC - PubMed
Hernandes 2001 {published data only}
    1. Hernandez E, Pina JJ, Fabre R, Garrabe E, Raphenon G, Cavallo JD. Evaluation of the OptiMal test in the diagnosis of imported malarial outbreak. Médecine Tropicale 2001;61(2):153‐7. - PubMed
Holmberg 1992 {published data only}
    1. Holmberg M, Wahlberg J, Lundeberg J, Pettersson U, Uhlén M. Colorimetric detection of Plasmodium falciparum and direct sequencing of amplified gene fragments using a solid phase method. Molecular and Cellular Probes 1992;6(3):201‐8. - PubMed
Hopkins 2007 {published data only}
    1. Hopkins H, Kambale W, Kamya MR, Staedke SG, Dorsey G, Rosenthal PJ. Comparison of HRP2 and pLDH‐based rapid diagnostic tests for malaria with longitudinal follow‐up in Kampala, Uganda. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygeine 2007;76(6):1092‐7. - PubMed
Hopkins 2008 {published data only}
    1. Hopkins H, Bebell L, Kambales W, Dokomajilar C, Rosenthal PJ, Dorsey G. Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria at sites of varying transmission intensity in Uganda. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2008;197(4):510‐8. - PubMed
Hossain 2008 {published data only}
    1. Hossain MA, Afroj S, Rahman MR, Yunus EB, Samad R, Asna ZH, et al. Evaluation of alternative diagnostic techniques for diagnosis of cerebral malaria in a tertiary referral hospital in Bangladesh. Mymensingh Medical Journal 2008;17(2):180‐5. - PubMed
Houmsou 2011 {published data only}
    1. Houmsou RS, Amuta EU, Sar TT, Adagba AH. Malarial infection among patients attending a Nigerian semi‐urban based hospital and performance of HRP‐2 pf Rapid diagnostic Test (RDT) in screening clinical cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Translational Biomedicine 2011;2:1.
Houzé 2009 {published data only}
    1. Houzé S, Boly MD, Bras J, Deloron P, Faucher JF. PfHRP‐2 and PfLDH antigen detection for monitoring the efficacy of artemisinin‐based combination therapy (ACT) in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Malaria Journal 2009;8:211. - PMC - PubMed
Houzé 2011 {published data only}
    1. Houzé S, Hubert V, Cohen DP, Rivetz B, Bras J. Evaluation of the Clearview® Malaria pLDH Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test in a non‐endemic setting. Malaria Journal 2011;10:284. - PMC - PubMed
Humar 1997 {published data only}
    1. Humar A, Ohrt C, Harrington MA, Pillai D, Kain KC. Parasight F test compared with the polymerase chain reaction and microscopy for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in travelers. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1997;56(1):44‐8. - PubMed
Huong 2002 {published data only}
    1. Huong NM, Davis TME, Hewitt S, Huong N, Uyen TT, Nhan DH, et al. Comparison of three antigen detection methods for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of malaria: a field study from southern Vietnam. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2002;7(4):304‐8. - PubMed
Iqbal 2000 {published data only}
    1. Iqbal J, Sher A, Rab A. Plasmodium falciparum histidine‐rich protein 2‐based immunocapture diagnostic assay for malaria: cross‐reactivity with rheumatoid factors. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2000;38(3):1184‐6. - PMC - PubMed
Iqbal 2001 {published data only}
    1. Iqbal J, Hira PR, Sher A, Al‐Enezi AA. Diagnosis of imported malaria by Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) and histidine‐rich protein 2 (PfHRP‐2)‐based immunocapture assays. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2001;64(1‐2):20‐3. - PubMed
Iqbal 2002 {published data only}
    1. Iqbal J, Khalid N, Hira PR. Comparison of two commercial assays with expert microscopy for confirmation of symptomatically diagnosed malaria. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2002;40(12):4675‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Iqbal 2003 {published data only}
    1. Iqbal J, Muneer A, Khalid N, Ahmed MA. Performance of the OptiMAL test for malaria diagnosis among suspected malaria patients at the rural health centres. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2003;68(5):624‐8. - PubMed
Iqbal 2004 {published data only}
    1. Iqbal J, Siddique A, Jameel M, Hira PR. Persistent histidine‐rich protein 2, parasite lactate dehydrogenase, and panmalarial antigen reactivity after clearance of Plasmodium falciparum monoinfection. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2004;42(9):4237‐41. - PMC - PubMed
Ishengoma 2011 {published data only}
    1. Ishengoma DS, Francis F, Mmbando BP, Lusingu JP, Magistrado P, Alifrangis M, et al. Accuracy of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in community studies and their impact on treatment of malaria in an area with declining malaria burden in north‐eastern Tanzania. Malaria Journal 2011;10:176. - PMC - PubMed
Jang 2013 {published data only}
    1. Jang JW, Cho CH, Han ET, An SS, Lim CS. pLDH level of clinically isolated Plasmodium vivax and detection limit of pLDH based malaria rapid diagnostic test. Malaria Journal 2013;12:181. - PMC - PubMed
Jelinek 1996 {published data only}
    1. Jelinek T, Kilian AH, Henk M, Mughusu EB, Nothdurft HD, Löscher T, et al. Parasite‐specific lactate dehydrogenase for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection in an endemic area in west Uganda. Tropical Medicine and International Health 1996;1(2):227‐30. - PubMed
Jelinek 1999 {published data only}
    1. Jelinek T, Grobusch MP, Schwenke S, Steidl S, Sonnenburg F, Nothdurft HD, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of dipstick tests for rapid diagnosis of malaria in nonimmune travelers. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1999;37(3):721‐3. - PMC - PubMed
Jelinek 2000 {published data only}
    1. Jelinek T, Grobusch MP, Nothdurft HD. Use of dipstick tests for the rapid diagnosis of malaria in nonimmune travelers. Journal of Travel Medicine 2000;7(4):175‐9. - PubMed
Jelinek 2001 {published data only}
    1. Jelinek T, Grobusch MP, Harms G. Evaluation of a dipstick test for the rapid diagnosis of imported malaria among patients presenting within the network TropNetEurop. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 2001;33(10):752‐4. - PubMed
Jeurissen 1999 {published data only}
    1. Jeurissen A, Beert J. Two rapid tests for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum. Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 1999;55:1088‐92.
John 1998 {published data only}
    1. John SM, Sudarsanam A, Sitaram U, Moody AH. Evaluation of OptiMAL, a dipstick test for the diagnosis of malaria. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 1998;92(5):621‐2. - PubMed
Joshi 2004 {published data only}
    1. Joshi HH, Mahakunkijcharoen Y, Tantivanich S, Sharma AP, Khusmith S. Detection of P. vivax antigens in malaria endemic populations of Nepal by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies raised against Thai isolates. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2004;35(4):828‐33. - PubMed
Kaewsonthi 1996 {published data only}
    1. Kaewsonthi S, Harding AG, Kidson C, Indaratna K. Assessing the economic impact of a rapid on‐site malaria diagnostic test. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 1996;27(2):210‐5. - PubMed
Kahama‐Maro 2008 {published data only}
    1. Kahama‐Maro J, D'Acremont V, Mtasiwa D, Genton B, Lengeler C. Low quality of routine microscopy for malaria at different health systems levels in Dar es Salaam: rapid diagnostic tests should also be implemented in hospitals and urban settings. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2008;79(6):394.
Kahama‐Maro 2011 {published data only}
    1. Kahama‐Maro J, D'Acremont V, Mtasiwa D, Genton B, Lengeler C. Low quality of routine microscopy for malaria at different levels of the health system in Dar es Salaam. Malaria Journal 2011;10:332. - PMC - PubMed
Kakkilaya 2003 {published data only}
    1. Kakkilaya BS. Rapid diagnosis of malaria. Laboratory Medicine 2003;34(8):602‐8.
Kamugisha 2008 {published data only}
    1. Kamugisha ML, Msangeni H, Beale E, Malecela EK, Akida JI, Ishengoma DR, et al. Paracheck Pf compared with microscopy for diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria among children in Tanga City, north‐eastern Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Health Research 2008;10(1):14‐9. - PubMed
Kar 1998 {published data only}
    1. Kar I, Eapen A, Adak T, Sharma VP. Trial with ParaSight‐F in the detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Chennai (Tamil Nadu) India. Indian Journal of Malariology 1998;35(3):160‐2. - PubMed
Karbwang 1996 {published data only}
    1. Karbwang J, Tasanor O, Kanda T, Wattanagoon Y, Ibrahim M, Na‐Bangchang K, et al. ParaSight‐F test for the detection of treatment failure in multidrug resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1996;90(5):513‐5. - PubMed
Karimov 2011 {published data only}
    1. Karimov SS, Baranova AM, Saĭburkhonov DS. [Evaluation of the efficiency of rapid tests to detect malaria patients and parasite carriers in Tajikistan]. Meditsinskaia Parazitologiia i Parazitarnye Bolezni 2011;3:46‐7. - PubMed
Kashif 2013 {published data only}
    1. Kashif AH, Adam GK, Mohmmed AA, Elzaki SE, AbdelHalim AM, Adam I. Reliability of rapid diagnostic test for diagnosing peripheral and placental malaria in an area of unstable malaria transmission in Eastern Sudan. Diagnostic Pathology 2013;8:59. - PMC - PubMed
Katakai 2011 {published data only}
    1. Katakai Y, Komaki‐Yasuda K, Tangpukdee N, Wilairatana P, Krudsood S, Kano S. Evaluation of the NOW malaria immunochromatographic test for quantitative diagnosis of falciparum and vivax malaria parasite density. Tropical Medicine and Health 2011;39(4):105‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Kattenberg 2011 {published data only}
    1. Kattenberg J, Tahita M, Taal A, Zoeten J, Versteeg I, Tinto H, et al. Antigen persistence of rapid diagnostic tests and its implications for the diagnosis of malaria in pregnancy. An evaluation in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. 7th European Congress on Tropical Medicine and International Health; 2011 03‐06 Oct; Barcelona. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2011:138‐9. - PubMed
Kaur 2000 {published data only}
    1. Kaur H, Mani A. Evaluation & usefulness of a immunochromatographic test for rapid detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 2000;54(10):421‐4. - PubMed
Kaushal 1995 {published data only}
    1. Kaushal DC, Kaushal N, Chandra D, Palni R. Immunodiagnosis of malaria based on detection of parasite enzyme. Journal of Parasitic Diseases 1995;19:21‐4.
Kaushal 1997 {published data only}
    1. Kaushal DC, Kaushal NA. Immunodiagnosis of malaria. Journal of Parasitic Diseases 1997;21(1):31‐40.
Kawai 2009 {published data only}
    1. Kawai S, Hirai M, Haruki K, Tanabe K, Chigusa Y. Cross‐reactivity in rapid diagnostic tests between human malaria and zoonotic simian malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi infections. Parasitology International 2009;58(3):300‐2. - PubMed
Keating 2009 {published data only}
    1. Keating J, Miller JM, Bennett A, Moonga HB, Eisele TP. Plasmodium falciparum parasite infection prevalence from a household survey in Zambia using microscopy and a rapid diagnostic test: implications for monitoring and evaluation. Acta Tropica 2009;112(3):277‐82. - PubMed
Khairnar 2009 {published data only}
    1. Khairnar K, Martin D, Lau R, Ralevski F, Pillai DR. Multiplex real‐time quantitative PCR, microscopy and rapid diagnostic immuno‐chromatographic tests for the detection of Plasmodium spp: performance, limit of detection analysis and quality assurance. Malaria Journal 2009;8:284. - PMC - PubMed
Khan 2004 {published data only}
    1. Khan SA, Anwar M, Hussain S, Qureshi AH, Ahmad A, Afzal S. Comparison of OptiMAL malarial test with light microscopy for the diagnosis of malaria. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2004;54(8):404‐7. - PubMed
Kilian 1997 {published data only}
    1. Kilian AHD, Mughusu EB, Kabagambe G, Sonnenburg F. Comparison of two rapid, HRP‐2‐based diagnostic tests for Plasmodium falciparum. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1997;91(6):666‐7. - PubMed
Kilian 1999 {published data only}
    1. Kilian AHD, Kabagambe G, Byamukama W, Langi P, Weis P, Sonnenburg F. Application of the ParaSight‐F dipstick test for malaria diagnosis in a district control programme. Acta Tropica 1999;72(3):281‐93. - PubMed
Kim 2008 {published data only}
    1. Kim SH, Nam MH, Roh KH, Park HC, Nam DH, Park GH, et al. Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test specific for Plasmodium vivax. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2008;13(12):1495‐500. - PubMed
Kim 2011 {published data only}
    1. Kim KH, Jang JW, Woo MK, Oh JS, Han ET, Lee WJ, et al. Evaluation of four rapid diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax in Korea. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2011;16(11):1427‐31. - PubMed
Kim 2013 {published data only}
    1. Kim JY, Ji SY, Goo YK, Na BK, Pyo HJ, Lee HN, et al. Comparison of rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of Plasmodium vivax malaria in South Korea. PLoS One 2013;8(5):e64353. - PMC - PubMed
Knappik 2002 {published data only}
    1. Knappik M, Peyerl‐Hoffmann G, Jelinek T. Plasmodium falciparum: use of a NANP19 antibody‐test for the detection of infection in non‐immune travellers. Tropical Medicine and International Health 7;8:652‐6. - PubMed
Kodisinghe 1997 {published data only}
    1. Kodisinghe HM, Perera KL, Premawansa S, Naotunne T, Wickramasinghe AR, Mendis KN. The ParaSight‐F dipstick test as a routine diagnostic tool for malaria in Sri Lanka. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1997;91(4):398‐402. - PubMed
Koita 2012 {published data only}
    1. Koita OA, Doumbo OK, Ouattara A, Tall LK, Konaré A, Diakité M, et al. False‐negative rapid diagnostic tests for malaria and deletion of the histidine‐rich repeat region of the hrp2 gene. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2012;86(2):194‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Kumar 1996 {published data only}
    1. Kumar A, Sharma VP, Thavaselvam D, Sumodan PK. Clinical trials of a new immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Goa. Indian Journal of Malariology 1996;33(4):166‐72. - PubMed
Kumar 2000 {published data only}
    1. Kumar A, Sumodan PK, Sharma VP. Clinical trials of an indigenous diagnostic kit Paracheck‐F for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Goa. Journal of Parasitic Diseases 2000;24:43‐5.
Kumar 2004 {published data only}
    1. Kumar KR, Sudarshan KS. Clinical evaluation of a rapid diagnostic kit (Paracheck‐Pf) for diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum in Karnataka state of India. Indian Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine 2004;35(1):10‐4.
Kumar 2012 {published data only}
    1. Kumar N, Singh JPN, Pande V, Mishra N, Srivastava B, Kapoor R, et al. Genetic variation in histidine rich proteins among Indian Plasmodium falciparum population: possible cause of variable sensitivity of malaria rapid diagnostic tests. Malaria Journal 2012;11:298. - PMC - PubMed
Kumar 2013 {published data only}
    1. Kumar N, Pande V, Bhatt RM, Shah NK, Mishra N, Srivastava B, et al. Genetic deletion of HRP2 and HRP3 in Indian Plasmodium falciparum population and false negative malaria rapid diagnostic test. Acta Tropica 2013;125(1):119‐21. - PubMed
Kweka 2011 {published data only}
    1. Kweka EJ, Lowassa A, Msangi S, Kimaro EE, Lyatuu EE, Mwang'onde BJ, et al. Low sensitivity of paraHIT‐F rapid malaria test among patients with fever in rural health centers, Northern Tanzania. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2011;5(3):204‐8. - PubMed
Kyabayinze 2008 {published data only}
    1. Kyabayinze DJ. Field validity and comparative persistent antigenicity of HRP‐2 rapid diagnostic tests for malaria in a hyperendemic region of Uganda. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2008;79(6):884. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kyabayinze DJ, Tibenderana JK, Odong GW, Rwakimari JB, Counihan H. Operational accuracy and comparative persistent antigenicity of HRP2 rapid diagnostic tests for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a hyperendemic region of Uganda. Malaria Journal 2008;7:221. - PMC - PubMed
Labbé 2001 {published data only}
    1. Labbé AC, Pillai DR, Hongvangthong B, Vanisaveth V, Pomphida S, Inkathone S, et al. The performance and utility of rapid diagnostic assays for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a field setting in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 95;7:671‐7. - PubMed
Lee 1999 {published data only}
    1. Lee MA, Aw LT, Singh M. A comparison of antigen dipstick assays with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and blood film examination in the rapid diagnosis of malaria. Annal of the Academy of Medicine of Singapore 1999;28(4):498‐501. - PubMed
Lee 2008 {published data only}
    1. Lee SW, Jeon K, Jeon BR, Park I. Rapid diagnosis of vivax malaria by the SD Bioline Malaria Antigen test when thrombocytopenia is present. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2008;46(3):939‐42. - PMC - PubMed
Lee 2011 {published data only}
    1. Lee GC, Jeon ES, Le DT, Kim TS, Yoo JH, Kim HY, et al. Development and evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test for Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, and mixed‐species malaria antigens. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2011;85(6):989‐93. - PMC - PubMed
Lema 1999 {published data only}
    1. Lema OE, Carter JY, Nagelkerke N, Wangai MW, Kitenge P, Gikunda SM, et al. Comparison of five methods of malaria detection in the outpatient setting. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1999;60(2):177‐82. - PubMed
Lepère 2004 {published data only}
    1. Lepère JF, Macarry A. Malaria diagnosis and treatment in a rural Health Centre in Mayotte (Comoro archipelago, 2002). Santé 2004;14(1):5‐10. - PubMed
Lim 2001 {published data only}
    1. Lim HS, Kim HS. Evaluation of diagnostic methods of re‐emerging malaria in Korean patients. Yonsei Medical Journal 2001;42(1):84‐90. - PubMed
Llanos Zavalaga 2000 {published data only}
    1. Llanos Zavalaga LF, Huayta Zacarías E, Mendoza Requena D, Rosas Aguirre A, Contreras Ríos C, Peinada Rodríguez J. Knowledge and perceptions of health workers in malaria endemic areas in Peru on the rapid test Parasight‐F [Conocimientos y percepciones de los trabajadores de salud de zona endémica de malaria en el Perú sobre la prueba de diagnóstico rápido ParaSight‐F]. Revista Medica Herediana 2000;11(4):115‐21.
Llanos‐Zavalaga 2002 {published data only}
    1. Llanos‐Zavalaga LF, Villacorta JV, Reyes RL, Lecca LG, Mendoza DR, Mayca JP, et al. Evaluation of the ICT Test Malaria P.f/P.v (AMRAD®) for the detection of P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria in an endemic area of the Peruvian Amazon [Evaluación de la prueba ICT Malaria P.f/P.v (AMRAD®) para la detección de P. falciparum y P. vivax en una zona endémica de la Amazonía peruana]. Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Publica 2002;19(1):39‐42.
Mahajan 2000 {published data only}
    1. Mahajan SK, Siwach SR, Kishore K, Chaudhry D, Sen R, Aggarwal HK, et al. Evaluation of a rapid dipstick antigen capture assay for the diagnosis of falciparum malaria. Indian Practitioner 2009;53(5):325‐9.
Makler 1998 {published data only}
    1. Makler MT, Piper RC, Milhous WK. Lactate dehydrogenase and the diagnosis of malaria. Parasitology Today 1998;14(9):376‐7. - PubMed
Makler 2009 {published data only}
    1. Makler MT, Piper RC. Rapid malaria tests: where do were go after 20 years?. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2009;81(6):921‐6. - PubMed
Malik 2004 {published data only}
    1. Malik S, Khan S, Das A, Samantaray JC. Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase assay to detect malarial parasites. National Medical Journal of India 2004;17(5):237‐9. - PubMed
Mankhambo 2002 {published data only}
    1. Mankhambo L, Kanjala M, Rudman S, Lema VM, Rogerson SJ. Evaluation of the OptiMAL rapid antigen test and species‐specific PCR to detect placental Plasmodium falciparum infection at delivery. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2002;40(1):155‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Mason 2002 {published data only}
    1. Mason DP, Kawamoto F, Lin K, Laoboonchai A, Wongsrichanalai C. A comparison of two rapid field immunochromatographic tests to expert microscopy in the diagnosis of malaria. Acta Tropica 2002;82(1):51‐9. - PubMed
Mawili‐Mboumba 2010 {published data only}
    1. Mawili‐Mboumba DP, Bouyou Akotet MK, Ngoungou EB, Kombila M. Evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria case management in Gabon. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 2010;66(2):162‐8. - PubMed
Mayxay 2004 {published data only}
    1. Mayxay M, Newton PN, Yeung S, Pongvongsa T, Phompida S, Phetsouvanh T, et al. Short communication: An assessment of the use of malaria rapid tests by village health volunteers in rural Laos. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2004;9(3):325‐9. - PubMed
Mboera 2006a {published data only}
    1. Mboera LEG, Fanello CI, Malima RC, Talbert A, Fogliati P, Bobbio F, et al. Comparison of the Paracheck‐Pf test with microscopy, for the confirmation of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Tanzania. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 2006;100(2):115‐22. - PubMed
McCutchan 2008 {published data only}
    1. McCutchan TF, Piper RC, Makler MT. Use of malaria rapid diagnostic test to identify Plasmodium knowlesi infection. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2008;14(11):1750‐2. - PMC - PubMed
McMorrow 2010 {published data only}
    1. McMorrow ML, Masanja MI, Kahigwa E, Abdullah SMK, Kachur SP. Quality assurance of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria in routine patient care in rural Tanzania. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2010;82(1):151‐5. - PMC - PubMed
Meena 2009 {published data only}
    1. Meena M, Joshi D, Joshi R, Sridhar S, Waghdhare S, Gangane N, et al. Accuracy of a multispecies rapid diagnostic test kit for detection of malarial parasite at the point of care in a low endemicity region. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygeine 2009;103(12):1237‐44. - PubMed
Menan 1996 {published data only}
    1. Menan EIH, Adou‐Bryn KD, Mobio SP, Cisse M, Penali K, Kone M. Assessment of parasitological examinations of blood for malaria at the Pasteur Institute Côte d'Ivoire (IPCI) in 1992: the impact of chemotherapy on the laboratory results [Bilan des examens parasitologiques du sang pour la recherche du paludisme a l'Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire (I.P.C.I) en 1992: impact de la chimiotherapie sur les resultats de laboratoire]. Medecine d'Afrique Noire 1996;43(3):129‐33.
Mendiratta 2006 {published data only}
    1. Mendiratta DK, Bhutada K, Narang R, Narang P. Evaluation of different methods for diagnosis of P. falciparum malaria. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2006;24(1):49‐51. - PubMed
Mendoza 2007 {published data only}
    1. Mendoza NM, García M, Cortés LJ, Vela C, Erazo R, Pérez P, et al. Evaluation of two rapid diagnostic tests, NOW ICT Malaria Pf/Pv and OptiMAL, for diagnosis of malaria. Biomedica 2007;27(4):571‐80. - PubMed
Mendoza 2013 {published data only}
    1. Mendoza NM, Cucunuba ZM, Aponte S, Gonzalez NE, Bernal SD. [Field evaluation for diagnostic accuracy of the rapid test SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Pf/Pv(R) in Colombia]. Biomedica 2013;33(4):587‐597. - PubMed
Mengesha 1999 {published data only}
    1. Mengesha T, Gebreselassie H, Mohammed T, Assefa T, Woldemichael T. ParaSight‐F dipstick antigen tests in the diagnosis of falciparum malaria in Ethiopia. East African Medical Journal 1999;76(11):626‐9. - PubMed
Mens 2007 {published data only}
    1. Mens P, Spieker N, Omar S, Heijnen M, Schallig H, Kager PA. Is molecular biology the best alternative for diagnosis of malaria to microscopy? A comparison between microscopy, antigen detection and molecular tests in rural Kenya and urban Tanzania. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2007;12(2):238‐44. - PubMed
Mens 2010 {published data only}
    1. Mens PF, Matelon RJ, Nour BYM, Newman DM, Schallig HDFH. Laboratory evaluation on the sensitivity and specificity of a novel rapid detection method for malaria diagnosis based on magneto‐optical technology (MOT). Malaria Journal 2010;9:207. - PMC - PubMed
Metzger 2008 {published data only}
    1. Metzger WG, Vivas‐Martínez S, Rodriguez I, Gonçalves J, Bongard E, Fanello CI, et al. Malaria diagnosis under field conditions in the Venezuelan Amazon. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2008;102(1):20‐4. - PubMed
Metzger 2009 {published data only}
    1. Metzger WG, Giron AM, Vivas‐Martínez S, González J, Charrasco AJ, Mordmüller BG, et al. A rapid malaria appraisal in the Venezuelan Amazon. Malaria Journal 2009;8:291. - PMC - PubMed
Mharakurwa 1997a {published data only}
    1. Mharakurwa S, Shiff CJ. Post treatment sensitivity studies with the ParaSight‐F test for malaria diagnosis in Zimbabwe. Tropical Medicine and International Health 1997;66(2):61‐7. - PubMed
Mharakurwa 1997b {published data only}
    1. Mharakurwa S, Manyame B, Shiff CJ. Trial of ParaSight‐F test for malaria diagnosis in the primary health care system, Zimbabwe. Tropical Medicine & International Health 1997;2(6):544‐60. - PubMed
Miantuasila 2012 {published data only}
    1. Miantuasila O. Comparison between molecular and conventional diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of malaria and sickle cell gene carriage. 6th EDCTP Forum: Strengthening Research Partnerships for Better Health and Sustainable Development; 2011 09‐12 October; Addis Ababa. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2012:57‐8.
Mikhail 2011 {published data only}
    1. Mikhail AF, Leslie TJ, Mayan MI, Zekria R, Mohammad N, Hasanzai MA, et al. Field trial of three different Plasmodium vivax‐detecting rapid diagnostic tests with and without evaporative cool box storage in Afghanistan. Malaria Journal 2011;10:169. - PMC - PubMed
Miller 2001 {published data only}
    1. Miller RS, McDaniel P, Wongsrichanalai C. Following the course of malaria treatment by detecting parasite lactate dehydrogenase enzyme. British Journal of Haematology 2001;113(2):558‐62. - PubMed
Miller 2008 {published data only}
    1. Miller RS. Comparison of performance characteristics of the Binax NOW Malaria test using venous and fingerstick samples. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2008;79(6):533.
Mills 1999 {published data only}
    1. Mills CD, Burgess DC, Taylor HJ, Kain KC. Evaluation of a rapid and inexpensive dipstick assay for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1999;77(7):553‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Mills 2007 {published data only}
    1. Mills LA, Blank LR, Kagaayi J, Aluma S, Shott J, Bwanika JB, et al. Performance of malaria rapid diagnostic test versus traditional microscopy among rural Ugandan outpatients. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2007;75(5):96.
Mills 2010 {published data only}
    1. Mills LA, Kagaayi J, Nakigozi G, Galiwango RM, Ouma J, Shott JP, et al. Short report: Utility of a point‐of‐care malaria rapid diagnostic for excluding malaria as the cause of fever among HIV‐positive adults in rural Rakai, Uganda. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2010;82(1):145‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Mills 2010a {published data only}
    1. Mills LA, Kagaayi J, Shott JP, Newell K, Bwanika JB, Ssempijja V, et al. Performance of prototype malaria rapid diagnostic test versus thick film microscopy among HIV‐postive subjects in rural Rakai, Uganda. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine in Hygiene 2010;104(3):237‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Minja 2012 {published data only}
    1. Minja DT, Schmiegelow C, Oesterholt M, Magistrado PA, Boström S, John D, et al. Reliability of rapid diagnostic tests in diagnosing pregnancy‐associated malaria in north‐eastern Tanzania. Malaria Journal 2012;11:211. - PMC - PubMed
Minodier 2005 {published data only}
    1. Minodier P. Malaria diagnosis: rapid detection tests. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2005;18(8):386‐8.
    1. Minodier P, Noël G, Blanc P, Retornaz K, Garnier JM. Tests for rapid diagnosis of malaria. Archives de Pediatrie 2005;12(6):697‐9. - PubMed
Mishra 1999 {published data only}
    1. Mishra B, Samantaray J C, Mirdha BR. Evaluation of a rapid antigen capture assay for the diagnosis of falciparum malaria. Indian Journal of Medical Research 1999;109:16‐9. - PubMed
Mishra 2007 {published data only}
    1. Mishra MN, Misra RN. Immunochromatographic methods in malaria diagnosis. Medical Journal Armed Forces India 2007;63(2):127‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Mohanty 1999 {published data only}
    1. Mohanty S, Mishra SK, Mohanty A, Das BS. Immunochromatographic test for the diagnosis of falciparum malaria. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 1999;47(2):201‐2. - PubMed
Mohapatra 1996 {published data only}
    1. Mohapatra PK, Prakash A, Khan AM, Bhattacharyya DR, Goswami BK, Mahanta J. Evaluation of a manual immunochromatographic test for detection of Plasmodium falciparum HRP‐2 antigen. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 1996;14(4):193‐5.
Montoya 2008 {published data only}
    1. Montoya AE, Menco J, Osorio N, Zuluaga MA, Duque J, Torres G, et al. Concordance between thick blood smear, immunochromatography and polymerase chain reaction for malaria diagnosis. Biomedica 2008;28(2):252‐61. - PubMed
Moody 2000 {published data only}
    1. Moody A, Hunt‐Cooke A, Gabbett E, Chiodini P. Performance of the OptiMAL malaria antigen capture dipstick for malaria diagnosis and treatment monitoring at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London. British Journal of Haematology 2000;109(4):891‐4. - PubMed
Moody 2002a {published data only}
    1. Moody A. Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria parasites. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2002;15(1):66‐78. - PMC - PubMed
Moody 2002b {published data only}
    1. Moody AH, Chiodini PL. Non‐microscopic method for malaria diagnosis using OptiMAL IT, a second‐generation dipstick for malaria pLDH antigen detection. British Journal of Biomedical Science 2002;59(4):228‐31. - PubMed
Moonasar 2007 {published data only}
    1. Moonasar D, Goga AE, Frean J, Kruger P, Chandramohan D. An exploratory study of factors that affect the performance and usage of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Malaria Journal 2007;6:74. - PMC - PubMed
Moonasar 2009 {published data only}
    1. Moonasar D, Goga AE, Kruger PS, Cock C, Maharaj R, Frean J, et al. Field evaluation of a malaria rapid diagnostic test (ICT Pf). South African Medical Journal 2009;99(11):810‐3. - PubMed
Morankar 2011 {published data only}
    1. Morankar S, Tegene A, Kassahun W, Sulueiman S, Negatu YA, Yazachew M, et al. Validity and reliability of RDT for diagnosis of malaria among febrile children in Jimma Town: southwest Ethiopia. Ethiopian Medical Journal 2011;49(2):131‐8. - PubMed
Moulin 2009 {published data only}
    1. Moulin F, Gendrel D. Imported malaria: diagnostic traps and rapid tests. Archives de Pédiatrie 2009;16(Suppl 2):S89‐S92. - PubMed
Msellem 2009 {published data only}
    1. Msellem MI, Mårtensson A, Rotllant G, Bhattarai A, Strömberg J, Kahigwa E, et al. Influence of rapid malaria diagnostic tests on treatment and health outcome in fever patients, Zanzibar: a crossover validation study. PLoS Medicine 2009;6(4):e1000070. - PMC - PubMed
Mtove 2011 {published data only}
    1. Mtove G, Hendriksen ICE, Amos B, Mrema H, Mandia V, Manjurano A, et al. Treatment guided by rapid diagnostic tests for malaria in Tanzanian children: safety and alternative bacterial diagnoses. Malaria Journal 2011;10:290. - PMC - PubMed
Mueller 2007 {published data only}
    1. Mueller I, Betuela I, Ginny M, Reeder JC, Genton B. The sensitivity of the OptiMAL rapid diagnostic test to the presence of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes compromises its ability to monitor treatment outcomes in an area of Papua New Guinea in which malaria is endemic. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2007;45(2):627‐30. - PMC - PubMed
Muhindo 2012 {published data only}
    1. Muhindo HM, Ilombe G, Meya R, Mitashi PM, Kutekemeni A, Gasigwa D, et al. Accuracy of malaria rapid diagnosis test Optimal‐IT(®) in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo. Malaria Journal 2012;11:224. - PMC - PubMed
Munier 2009 {published data only}
    1. Munier A, Diallo A, Sokhna C, Chippaux JP. Assessment of a rapid diagnostic test for malaria in rural health care facilities in Senegal. Medicine Tropicale 2009;69(5):496‐500. - PubMed
Murahwa 1999 {published data only}
    1. Murahwa FC, Mharakurwa S, Mutambu SL, Rangarira R, Musana BJ. Diagnostic performance of two antigen capture tests for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Zimbabwe. Central African Journal of Medicine 1999;45(4):97‐100. - PubMed
Murray 2003 {published data only}
    1. Murray CK, Bell D, Gasser RA, Wongsrichanalai C. Rapid diagnostic testing for malaria. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2003;8(10):876‐83. - PubMed
Murray 2008 {published data only}
    1. Murray CK, Gasser RA Jr, Magill AJ, Miller RS. Update on rapid diagnostic testing for malaria. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2008;21(1):97‐110. - PMC - PubMed
Mwanza 2005 {published data only}
    1. Mwanza S, Njunju E, Mbewe B, Chileshe N, Mataa N, Kalungwana N. Evaluation of the hexagon malaria rapid diagnostic test kit in five communities on the copperbelt province of Zambia. Acta Tropica 2005;95S:S303‐4.
Myjak 2004 {published data only}
    1. Myjak P, Nahorski W, Zarnowska‐Prymek H, Pietkiewicz H. Usefulness of the "OptiMAL Rapid Malaria test" for rapid detection of malaria imported to Poland. Wiadomości Parazytologiczne 2004;50(2):193‐9. - PubMed
Naing 2002a {published data only}
    1. Cho‐Min‐Naing, Gatton ML. Performance appraisal of rapid on‐site malaria diagnosis (ICT Malaria Pf/Pv test) in relation to human resources at village level Myanmar. Acta Tropica 2002;81(1):13‐9. - PubMed
Nema 2005 {published data only}
    1. Nema SK, Chopra GS, Gupta RM, Rai R, Diwan RN. Diagnosis of malaria infection using non‐radioactive malaria diagnostic system (NOMADS). Medical Journal Armed Forces India 2005;61(4):336‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Neumann 2008 {published data only}
    1. Neumann CG, Bwibo NO, Siekmann JH, McLean ED, Browdy B, Drorbaugh N. Comparison of blood smear microscopy to a rapid diagnostic test for in‐vitro testing for P. falciparum malaria in Kenyan school children. East African Medical Journal 2008;85(11):544‐9. - PubMed
Nicastri 2009a {published data only}
    1. Nicastri E, Bevilacqua N, Sañé Schepisi SM, Paglia MG, Meschi S, Ame SM, et al. Accuracy of malaria diagnosis by microscopy, rapid diagnostic test, and PCR methods and evidence of antimalarial overprescription in non‐severe febrile patients in two Tanzanian hospitals. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2009;80(5):712‐7. - PubMed
Nigussie 2008 {published data only}
    1. Nigussie D, Legesse M, Animut A, Mariam AH, Mulu A. Evaluation of Paracheck Pf and Parascreen Pan/Pf tests for the diagnosis of malaria in an endemic area, South Ethiopia. Ethiopian Medical Journal 2008;46(4):375‐81. - PubMed
Nkrumah 2010 {published data only}
    1. Nkrumah B, Agyekum A, Acquah SEK, May J, Tannich E, Brattig N, et al. Comparison of the novel Partec rapid diagnostic test to the conventional giemsa stain and the gold standard real‐time PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2010;48(8):2925‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Nkrumah 2011 {published data only}
    1. Nkrumah B, Acquah SE, Ibrahim L, May J, Brattig N, Tannich E, et al. Comparative evaluation of two rapid field tests for malaria diagnosis: Partec Rapid Malaria Test® and Binax Now® Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test. BMC Infectious Diseases 2011;11:143. - PMC - PubMed
Nour 2011 {published data only}
    1. Nour B. Using RDTS as a malaria diagnostic tool in wad Medani different hospitals ‐ Central Sudan. 7th European Congress on Tropical Medicine and International Health; 2011 03‐06 Oct; Barcelona. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2011:149.
Nwuba 2001 {published data only}
    1. Nwuba RI, Anumuda CI, Omosun YO, Sodeinde O, Nwagwu M. Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic card test for Plasmodium falciparum in Ibadan, Nigeria. African Journal of Medical Science 2001;30(1‐2):123‐4. - PubMed
Nyunt 2013 {published data only}
    1. Nyunt MH, Kyaw MP, Win KK, Myint KM, Nyunt KM. Field evaluation of HRP2 and pan pLDH‐based immunochromatographic assay in therapeutic monitoring of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Myanmar. Malaria Journal 2013;12:123. - PMC - PubMed
Ochola 2006 {published data only}
    1. Ochola LB, Vounatsou P, Smith T, Mabaso MLH, Newton CRJC. The reliability of diagnostic techniques in the diagnosis and management of malaria in the absence of a gold standard. Lancet Infectious Diseases 2006;6(9):582‐8. - PubMed
Omar 1999 {published data only}
    1. Omar MS, Malik GM, Al‐Amari OM, Abdalla SE, Moosa RA. The rapid manual ParaSight‐F test for diagnosing Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Saudi Arabia. Annals of Saudi Medicine 1999;19(2):159‐62. - PubMed
OMS 1999 {published data only}
    1. Organisation Mondiale de la Sante USAID. Directive pour l'evaluation rapide: reconnaissance des symptomes de maladies pour le paludisme grave et complique. OMS/TDR/USAID, 1999.
Onile 2005 {published data only}
    1. Onile B, Taiwo S. Recent advances in the laboratory diagnosis of malaria. African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 2005;6(2):113‐23.
Osman 2010 {published data only}
    1. Osman MMM, Nour BYM, Sedig MF, Bes L, Babikir AM, Mohamedani AA, et al. Informed decision‐making before changing to RDT: a comparison of microscopy, rapid diagnostic test and molecular techniques for the diagnosis and identification of malaria parasites in Kassala, eastern Sudan. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2010;15(12):1442‐8. - PubMed
Ouattara 2011 {published data only}
    1. Ouattara A, Doumbo S, Saye R, Beavogui AH, Traoré B, Djimdé A, et al. Use of a pLDH‐based dipstick in the diagnostic and therapeutic follow‐up of malaria patients in Mali. Malaria Journal 2011;10:345. - PMC - PubMed
Ozbilge 2006 {published data only}
    1. Ozbilge H, Kurcer MA, Dogan N, Zeyrek F. Comparison with Pan Malaria IgG assays for malaria diagnosis and direct microscopy among suspected malaria patients in Sanliurfa. Tropical Doctor 2006;36(1):25‐6. - PubMed
Pabon 2007 {published data only}
    1. Pabón A, Alvarez G, Yánez J, Céspedes C, Rodríguez Y, Restrepo A, et al. Evaluation of ICT malaria immunochromatographic Binax NOW® ICT P.f/P.v test for rapid diagnosis of malaria in a Colombian endemic area. Biomedica 2007;27(2):225‐35. - PubMed
Pakalapati 2013 {published data only}
    1. Pakalapati D, Garg S, Middha S, Kochar A, Subudhi AK, Arunachalam BP, et al. Comparative evaluation of microscopy, OptiMAL® and 18S rRNA gene based multiplex PCR for detection of Plasmodium falciparum & Plasmodium vivax from field isolates of Bikaner, India. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013;6(5):346‐51. - PubMed
Palmer 1998 {published data only}
    1. Palmer CJ, Lindon JF, Klaskala WI, Quesada JA, Kaminsky R, Baum MK, et al. Evaluation of the OptiMAL test for rapid diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1998;36(1):203‐6. - PMC - PubMed
Palmer 1999 {published data only}
    1. Palmer CJ, Validum L, Lindo J, Campa A, Validum C, Makler M, et al. Field evaluation of OptiMAL rapid malaria diagnostic test during anti‐malarial therapy in Guyana. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1999;93(5):517‐8. - PubMed
Palmer 2003 {published data only}
    1. Palmer CJ, Bonilla JA, Bruckner DA, Barnett ED, Miller NS, Haseeb MA, et al. Multicenter study to evaluate the OptiMAL test for rapid diagnosis of malaria in U.S hospitals. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2003;41(11):5178‐82. - PMC - PubMed
Pammenter 1988 {published data only}
    1. Pammenter MD. Techniques for the diagnosis of malaria. South African Medical Journal 1988;74(2):55‐7. - PubMed
Pandey 1995 {published data only}
    1. Pandey J, Talib VH, Ranga S, Gulati IRA, Pandey J, Ranga S. Diagnosis of malaria: an overview. Journal of Parasitic Diseases 1995;19(1):21‐4.
Pandya 2001 {published data only}
    1. Pandya AP, Sahu GC, Anjan JK. The Para Check‐PC Test: ‐ a simple rapid dip stick test to detect Plasmodium falciparum infection. Journal of Communicable Diseases 2001;33(3):224‐5. - PubMed
Park 2003 {published data only}
    1. Park SK, Lee KW, Hong SH, Kim DS, Lee JH, Jeon BH, et al. Development and evaluation of an immunochromatographic kit for the detection of antibody to Plasmodium vivax infection in South Korea. Yonsei Medical Journal 2003;44(4):747‐50. - PubMed
Park 2006 {published data only}
    1. Park TS, Kim JH, Kang CI, Lee BH, Jeon BR, Lee SM, at al. Diagnostic usefulness of SD malaria antigen and antibody kits for differential diagnosis of vivax malaria in patients with fever of unknown origin. Korean Journal of Laboratory Medicine 2006;26(4):241‐5. - PubMed
Parra 1991 {published data only}
    1. Parra ME, Evans CB, Taylor DW. Identification of Plasmodium falciparum histidine‐rich protein 2 in the plasma of humans with malaria. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1991;29(8):1629‐34. - PMC - PubMed
Peng 2012 {published data only}
    1. Peng YP, Wu JL, Wang JH, Li WM, Yu SJ. Study and evaluation of Wondfo rapid diagnostic kit based on nano‐gold immunochromatography assay for diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitology Research 2012;110(4):1421‐5. - PubMed
Penhalbel 2005 {published data only}
    1. Penhalbel Rde S, Fugikaha E, Lorenzetti A, Alves RT, Cavasini CE, Rossit ARB, et al. Evaluation of an immunochromatography test for malaria diagnosis under different storage conditions. Revista de Sociedad Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 2005;38(2):194‐5. - PubMed
Pérez 2007 {published data only}
    1. Pérez H, Bracho C, Rosa M. Malaria and rapid diagnostic tests [El paludismo y las pruebas rápidas de diagnóstico]. Boletín de Malariología y Salud Ambiental 2007;47(1):3‐13.
Peyron 1999 {published data only}
    1. Peyron F. Parasitological diagnosis of malaria: Routine and new laboratory techniques. Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 1999;29(Suppl 3):295‐301.
Phommanivong 2010 {published data only}
    1. Phommanivong V, Thongkham K, Deyer G, Rene JP, Barennes H. An assessment of early diagnosis and treatment of malaria by village health volunteers in the Lao PDR. Malaria Journal 2010;9:347. - PMC - PubMed
Pica 2005 {published data only}
    1. Pica R, Castellano C. Looking for parasitic infection and disease: the Plasmodium falciparum malaria model. Clinica Terapeutica 2005;156(3):131‐4. - PubMed
Pieroni 1998 {published data only}
    1. Pieroni P, Mills CD, Ohrt C, Harrington MA, Kain KC. Comparison of the ParaSight‐F test and the ICT Malaria Pf test with the polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in travellers. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1998;92(2):166‐9. - PubMed
Pinto 1999 {published data only}
    1. Pinto MJW, Pereira NF, Rodrigues S, Kharangate NV, Verenkar MP. Rapid diagnosis of falciparum malaria by detection of Plasmodium falciparum HRP‐2 antigen. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 1999;47(11):1076‐8. - PubMed
Piper 1999 {published data only}
    1. Piper R, Lebras J, Wentworth L, Hunt‐Cooke A, Houzé S, Chiodini P, et al. Immunocapture diagnostic assays for malaria using Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH). American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1999;60(1):109‐18. - PubMed
Pividal 1994 {published data only}
    1. Pividal J, Monjane AL, Gomes A, Street E, Barreto A. Evaluation and selection of diagnostic techniques in direct malaria [Avaliacao e seleccao de tecnicas de diagnostico directo na malaria]. Revista Medica de Mocambique 1994;5(3):27‐32.
Planche 2001 {published data only}
    1. Planche T, Krishna S, Kombila M, Engel K, Faucher JF, Ngou‐Milama E, et al. Comparison of methods for the rapid laboratory assessment of children with malaria. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2001;65(5):599‐602. - PubMed
Playford 2002 {published data only}
    1. Playford EG, Walker J. Evaluation of the ICT malaria P.f/P.v and the OptiMal rapid diagnostic tests for malaria in febrile returned travellers. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2002;40(11):4166‐71. - PMC - PubMed
Popov 2000 {published data only}
    1. Popov AF, Popova NI. Rapid methods for the diagnosis of tropical malaria. Meditsinskaia Parazitologiia i Parazitarnye Bolezni 2000;2:38‐9. - PubMed
Popov 2004 {published data only}
    1. Popov AF, Nikiforov ND, Ivanis VA, Barkun SP, Sanin BI, Fed'kina LI. Diagnosis of malaria by express methods. Klinicheskaia Laboratornaia Diagnosis 2004;1:46‐8. - PubMed
Premji 1994 {published data only}
    1. Premji Z, Minjas J N, Shiff CJ. Laboratory diagnosis of malaria by village health workers using the rapid manual ParaSight‐F test. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1994;88(4):418. - PubMed
Prou 1988 {published data only}
    1. Prou O, Deletoille P. Rapid detection of Plasmodium falciparum antigens by monofluo Kit Plasmodium falciparum. Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 1988;18(2):75‐9.
Proux 2001 {published data only}
    1. Proux S, Hkirijareon L, Ngamngonkiri C, McConnell S, Nosten F. Short communication: Paracheck‐Pf®: A new, inexpensive and reliable rapid test for P. falciparum malaria. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2001;6(2):99‐101. - PubMed
Quintana 1998 {published data only}
    1. Quintana M, Piper R, Boling HL, Makler M, Sherman C, Gill E, et al. Malaria diagnosis by dipstick assay in a Honduran population with coendemic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1998;59(6):868‐71. - PubMed
Rabinovich 2006 {published data only}
    1. Rabinovich SA, Le DK, Nguen VH, Morozov EN, Toropov DE, Kukina IV, et al. Efficiency of KAT‐quick P.f. test (KAT medical, SAR) among the populations of drug‐resistant parasites. Meditsinskaia Parazitologiia i Parazitarnye Bolezni 2006;2:10‐2. - PubMed
Radrianasolo 2007 {published data only}
    1. Radrianasolo L, Tafangy PB, Raharimalala LA, Ratsimbasoa AC, Randriamanantena A, Randrianarivelojosia M. Rapid diagnostic test for malaria: preliminary study in Madagascar in 2003. Santé 2007;17(2):69‐73. - PubMed
Rahim 2002 {published data only}
    1. Rahim F, Haq HA, Jamal S. Comparison of amradict test with microscopic examinations for rapid diagnosis of malaria. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2002;12(9):530‐3.
Rajendran 2006 {published data only}
    1. Rajendran C, Dube S. Field evaluation of rapid immunochromatographic test kit for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum and non‐falciparum malaria parasites for Sontipur Distric, Assam. Journal of Parasitic Diseases 2006;30(1):94‐7.
Ramutton 2012 {published data only}
    1. Ramutton T, Hendriksen IC, Mwanga‐Amumpaire J, Mtove G, Olaosebikan R, Tshefu AK, et al. Sequence variation does not confound the measurement of plasma PfHRP2 concentration in African children presenting with severe malaria. Malaria Journal 2012;11:276. - PMC - PubMed
Ratnawati 2008 {published data only}
    1. Ratnawati MH, Hatta M, Smits HL. Point‐of‐care testing for malaria outbreak management. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2008;102(7):699‐704. - PubMed
Ratsimbasoa 2012 {published data only}
    1. Ratsimbasoa A, Ravony H, Vonimpaisomihanta JA, Raherinjafy R, Jahevitra M, Rapelanoro R, et al. Management of uncomplicated malaria in febrile under five‐year‐old children by community health workers in Madagascar: reliability of malaria rapid diagnostic tests. Malaria Journal 2012;11:85. - PMC - PubMed
Rehlis 2004 {published data only}
    1. Rehlis N, Javor P. Interpretation of immunochromatographic tests with HRP‐2 antigen in children under 5 years in an area of high risk of malaria transmission in Papua New Guinea [Interpretacja testow immunochromatographiczynch z antygenem HRP‐2 dzieci do lat 5 w rejonie o wysokim ryzyku transmisji zimnicy w Papua Nowej Gwinei]. Wiadomości Parazytologiczne 2004;50(2):201‐8. - PubMed
Reyburn 2007 {published data only}
    1. Reyburn H, Mbakilwa H, Mwangi R, Mwerinde O, Olomi R, Drakeley C, et al. Rapid diagnostic tests compared with malaria microscopy for guiding outpatient treatment of febrile illness in Tanzania: randomised trial. BMJ 2007;334(7590):403. - PMC - PubMed
Ricci 2000 {published data only}
    1. Ricci L, Viani I, Piccolo G, Fabio A, Calderaro A, Galati L, et al. Evaluation of OptiMAL Assay test to detect imported malaria in Italy. New Microbiologica 2000;23(4):391‐8. - PubMed
Richardson 2002 {published data only}
    1. Richardson DC, Ciach M, Zhong KJY, Crandall I, Kain KC. Evaluation of the Makromed dipstick assay versus PCR for diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in returned travelers. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2002;40(12):4528‐30. - PMC - PubMed
Richter 2004a {published data only}
    1. Richter J, Göbels K, Müller‐Stöver I, Hoppenheit B, Häussinger D. Co‐reactivity of plasmodial histidine‐rich protein 2 and aldolase on a combined immuno‐chromographic‐malaria dipstick (ICT) as a potential semi‐quantitative marker of high Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia. Parasitology Research 2004;94(5):384‐5. - PubMed
Richter 2004b {published data only}
    1. Richter J, Harms G, Müller‐Stöver I, Göbels K, Häussinger D. Performance of an immunochromatographic test for the rapid diagnosis of malaria. Parasitology Research 2004;92(6):518‐9. - PubMed
Rimón 2003 {published data only}
    1. Rimón MM, Kheng S, Hoyer S, Thach V, Ly S, Permin AE, et al. Malaria dipsticks beneficial for IMCI in Cambodia. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2003;8(6):536‐43. - PubMed
Roche 1995 {published data only}
    1. Roche J, Benito A, Ayecaba S, Amela C, Molina R, Alvar J. Field evaluation of fluorescence microcopy (QBC) for malaria diagnosis. Bulletin de Liaison et de Documentation de L'OCEAC 1995;28(1):26‐9.
Rodríguez‐Iglesias 2005 {published data only}
    1. Rodríguez‐Iglesias M. Rapid serological techniques. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica Monografias 2005;4(2):69‐71.
Rodulfo 2007 {published data only}
    1. Rodulfo H, Donato M, Mora R, González L, Contreras CE. Comparison of the diagnosis of malaria by microscopy, immunochromatography and PCR in endemic areas of Venezuela. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2007;40(4):535‐43. - PubMed
Rolland 2006 {published data only}
    1. Rolland E, Checchi F, Pinoges L, Balkan S, Guthmann JP, Guerin PJ. Operational response to malaria epidemics: are rapid diagnostic tests cost‐effective?. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2006;11(4):398‐408. - PubMed
Rosenthal 2012 {published data only}
    1. Rosenthal PJ. How do we best diagnose malaria in Africa?. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2012;86(2):192‐3. - PMC - PubMed
Rubio 2001 {published data only}
    1. Rubio JM, Buhigas I, Subirats M, Baquero M, Puente S, Benito A. Limited level of accuracy provided by available rapid diagnosis tests for malaria enhances the need for PCR‐based reference laboratories. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2001;39(7):2736‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Runsewe‐Abiodun 2012 {published data only}
    1. Runsewe‐Abiodun IT, Efunsile M, Ghebremedhin B, Sotimehin AS, Ajewole J, Akinleye J, et al. Malaria diagnostics: a comparative study of blood microscopy, a rapid diagnostic test and polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of malaria. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 2012;58(2):163‐4. - PubMed
Ryan 2002 {published data only}
    1. Ryan JR, Davé K, Collins KM, Hochberg L, Sattabongkot J, Coleman RE, et al. Extensive multiple test centre evaluation of the VecTest malaria antigen panel assay. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 2002;16(3):321‐7. - PubMed
Samal 1998 {published data only}
    1. Samal KK, Agarwalla A. Intradermal smear vs peripheral blood smear in diagnosis of malaria. Indian Practitioner 1998;51(1):27‐8.
Saranya 2003 {published data only}
    1. Saranya N. Rapid diagnostic tests, benefits and pitfalls. Indian Journal of Practical Pediatrics 2003;5(2):111‐7.
Sayang 2009 {published data only}
    1. Sayang C, Soula G, Tahar R, Basco LK, Gazin P, Moyou‐Somo R, et al. Use of a histidine‐rich protein 2‐based rapid diagnostic test for malaria by health personnel during routine consultation of febrile outpatients in a peripheral health facility in Yaounde, Cameroon. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2009;81(2):343‐7. - PubMed
Schachterle 2011 {published data only}
    1. Schachterle SE, Mtove G, Levens JP, Clemens EG, Shi L, Raj A, et al. Prevalence and density‐related concordance of three diagnostic tests for malaria in a region of Tanzania with hypoendemic malaria. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2011;49(11):3885‐91. - PMC - PubMed
Schmidt 2003 {published data only}
    1. Schmidt WP. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests ‐ perspectives for malaria endemic and non‐endemic regions. Laboratoriums Medizin 2003;27(7‐8):296‐301.
Schmidt 2011 {published data only}
    1. Schmidt BA, Mubi M, Premji Z, Ngasala BE, Martensson A, Bjorkman A. Clearance of Plasmodium falciparum as assessed withmicroscopy, RDT and PCR after anti‐malarial treatment in Tanzanian children. 7th European Congress on Tropical Medicine and International Health; 2011 03‐06 October; Barcelona. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2011:111.
Seidahmed 2008 {published data only}
    1. Seidahmed OME, Mohamedein MMN, Elsir AA, Ali FT, Malik el F, Ahmed ES. End‐user errors in applying two malaria rapid diagnostic tests in a remote area of Sudan. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2008;13(3):406‐9. - PubMed
Senn 2012 {published data only}
    1. Senn N, Rarau P, Manong D, Salib M, Siba P, Robinson LJ, et al. Rapid diagnostic test‐based management of malaria: an effectiveness study in Papua New Guinean infants with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2012;54(5):644‐51. - PubMed
Sezibera 2009 {published data only}
    1. Sezibera C. Fever and treatment of malaria: importance of a strategy of diagnostic‐treatment of first class level health services [Fièvre et traitement du paludisme: importance d'une stratégie de diagnostic‐traitement au niveau des services de santé de premier echelon]. Thesis 2009.
Shah 2004 {published data only}
    1. Shah I, Deshmukh CT. A bedside dipstick method to detect Plasmodium falciparum. Indian Pediatrics 2004;41(11):1148‐51. - PubMed
Shaikh 2013 {published data only}
    1. Shaikh S, Memon S, Memon H, Ahmed I. Role of rapid daignostic tests for guiding outpatient treatment of febrile illness in Liaquat University Hospital. Pakistan Journal of Medical Science 2013;29(5):1167‐72. - PMC - PubMed
Shakya 2012 {published data only}
    1. Shakya G, Gupta R, Pant SD, Poudel P, Upadhaya B, Sapkota A, et al. Comparative study of sensitivity of rapid diagnostic (hexagon) test with calculated malarial parasitic density in peripheral blood. Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 2012;10(1):16‐9. - PubMed
Shamsi 1999 {published data only}
    1. Shamsi TS, Ahmed A, Farooqui AI, Waraich S. Rapid diagnosis of malaria: a new approach. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 1999;49(1):16‐7. - PubMed
Sharma 1999 {published data only}
    1. Sharma SK, Tyagi PK, Haque MA, Padhan K. Field studies on the sensitivity and specificity of an immunochromatographic test for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in tribal areas of Orissa. Indian Journal of Malariology 1999;36(3‐4):65‐9. - PubMed
Sharma 2008 {published data only}
    1. Sharma MK, Rao VK, Agarwal GS, Rai GP, Gopalan N, Prakash S, et al. Highly sensitive amperometric immunosensor for detection of Plasmodium falciparum histidine‐rich protein 2 in serum of humans with malaria: comparison with a commercial kit. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2008;46(11):3759‐65. - PMC - PubMed
She 2007 {published data only}
    1. She RC, Rawlins ML, Mohl R, Perkins SL, Hill HR, Litwin CM. Comparison of immunofluorescence antibody testing and two enzyme immunoassays in the serologic diagnosis of malaria. Journal of Travel Medicine 2007;14(2):105‐11. - PubMed
Shenoi 1996 {published data only}
    1. Shenoi UD. Laboratory diagnosis of malaria. Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 1996;39(5):443‐5. - PubMed
Shiff 1993 {published data only}
    1. Shiff CJ, Minjas J, Premji Z. The ParaSight‐F test: a simple rapid manual dipstick test to detect Plasmodium falciparum infection. Parasitology Today 1994;10(12):494‐5. - PubMed
    1. Shiff CJ, Premji Z, Minjas JN. The rapid manual ParaSight‐F test. A new diagnostic tool for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1993;87(6):646‐8. - PubMed
Shillcutt 2008 {published data only}
    1. Shillcutt S, Morel C, Goodman C, Coleman P, Bell D, Whitty CJM, et al. Cost‐effectiveness of malaria diagnostic methods in sub‐Saharan Africa in an era of combination therapy. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2008;86(2):101‐10. - PMC - PubMed
Shirayama 2008 {published data only}
    1. Shirayama Y, Phompida S, Kuroiwa C. Monitoring malaria control in Khammouane province, Laos: an active case detection survey of Plasmodium falciparum malaria using the Paracheck rapid diagnostic test. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2008;102(8):743‐50. - PubMed
Shujatullah 2006 {published data only}
    1. Shujatullah F, Malik A, Khan HM, Malik A. Comparison of different diagnostic techniques in Plasmodium falciparum cerebral malaria. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases 2006;43(4):186‐90. - PubMed
Shujatullah 2009 {published data only}
    1. Shujatullah F, Khan HM, Malik A, Malik A. Evaluation of ParaSight‐F test in diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection. JK Science 2009;11(1):16‐9.
Singer 2004 {published data only}
    1. Singer LM, Newman RD, Diarra A, Moran AlC, Huber CS, Stennies G, et al. Evaluation of a malaria rapid diagnostic test for assessing the burden of malaria during pregnancy. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2004;70(5):481‐5. - PubMed
Singh 1997a {published data only}
    1. Singh N, Valecha N, Sharma VP. Malaria diagnosis by field workers using an immunochromatographic test. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1997;91(4):396‐7. - PubMed
Singh 1997b {published data only}
    1. Singh N, Singh MP, Sharma VP. The use of a dipstick antigen‐capture assay for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection in a remote forested area of Central India. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1997;56(2):188‐91. - PubMed
Singh 2000b {published data only}
    1. Singh N. Usefulness of a dipstick test (ParaSight‐F) in high‐risk groups for Plasmodium falciparum in Central India. Current Science 2000;79(4):406‐7.
Singh 2000c {published data only}
    1. Singh N, Valecha N. Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test, 'Determine malaria pf', in epidemic‐prone, forest villages of central India (Madhya Pradesh). Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 2000;94(5):421‐7. - PubMed
Singh 2001 {published data only}
    1. Singh N, Shukla M. An assessment of the usefulness of a rapid immuno‐chromatographic test 'Determine malaria Pf' in evaluation of intervention measures in forest villages of central India. BMC Infectious Diseases 2001;1:10. - PMC - PubMed
Singh 2002a {published data only}
    1. Singh N, Saxena A, Sharma VP. Usefulness of an inexpensive, Paracheck test in detecting asymptomatic infectious reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum during dry season in an inaccessible terrain in central India. Journal of Infection 2002;45(3):165‐8. - PubMed
Singh 2002b {published data only}
    1. Singh N, Shukla MM. Short report: Field evaluation of posttreatment sensitivity for monitoring parasite clearance of Plasmodium falciparum malaria by use of the Determine Malaria Pf test in Central India. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2002;66(3):314‐6. - PubMed
Singh 2004a {published data only}
    1. Singh N, Nagpal AC. Performance of the OptiMAL dipstick test for management of severe and complicated malaria cases in a tertiary hospital, central India. Journal of Infection 2004;48(4):364‐5. - PubMed
Singh 2005a {published data only}
    1. Singh N, Saxena A, Awadhia SB, Shrivastava R, Singh MP. Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test for assessing the burden of malaria at delivery in India. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2005;73(5):855‐8. - PubMed
Singh 2005b {published data only}
    1. Singh N, Mishra AK, Shukla MM, Chand SK, Bharti PK. Diagnostic and prognostic utility of an inexpensive rapid on site malaria diagnostic test (ParaHIT f) among ethnic tribal population in areas of high, low and no transmission in central India. BMC Infectious Diseases 2005;5:50. - PMC - PubMed
Singh 2005c {published data only}
    1. Singh N, Saxena A. Usefulness of a rapid on‐site Plasmodium falciparum diagnosis (Paracheck PF) in forest migrants and among the indigenous population at the site of their occupational activities in central India. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2005;72(1):26‐9. - PubMed
Singh 2007 {published data only}
    1. Singh PP, Ahmed R, Singh MP, Terlouw DJ, Ter Kuile FO, Desai MR, et al. Evaluation of the new malaria rapid diagnostic test First Response® Pf/Pv, when used as a screening tool for malaria during pregnancy in central India. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2007;77(5):341.
Singh 2013 {published data only}
    1. Singh N, Bharti PK, Singh MP, Mishra S, Shukla MM, Sharma RK, et al. Comparative evaluation of bivalent malaria rapid diagnostic tests versus traditional methods in field with special reference to heat stability testing in Central India. PLoS One 2013;8(3):e58080. - PMC - PubMed
Skarbinski 2009 {published data only}
    1. Skarbinski J, Ouma PO, Causer LM, Kariuki SK, Barnwell JW, Alaii JA, et al. Effect of malaria rapid diagnostic tests on the management of uncomplicated malaria with artemether‐lumefantrine in Kenya: a cluster randomized trial. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2009;80(6):919‐26. - PubMed
Smego 2000 {published data only}
    1. Smego RA Jr, Beg A. Rapid diagnostic modalities for malaria. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2000;50(12):398‐9. - PubMed
Sotimehin 2007 {published data only}
    1. Sotimehin SA, Runsewe‐Abiodun TI, Oladapo OT, Njokanma OF, Olanrewaju DM. Performance of a rapid antigen test for the diagnosis of congenital malaria. Annals of Tropical Paediatrics 2007;27(4):297‐301. - PubMed
Soto Tarazona 2004 {published data only}
    1. Soto Tarazona A, Solari Zerpa L, Mendoza Requena D, Llano‐Cuentas A, Magill A. Evaluation of the rapid diagnostic test OptiMAL for diagnosis of malaria due to Plasmodium vivax. Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases 2004;8(2):151‐5. - PubMed
Srinivasan 2000 {published data only}
    1. Srinivasan S, Moody AH, Chiodini PL. Comparison of blood‐film microscopy, the OptiMAL dipstick, Rhodamine‐123 fluorescence staining and PCR, for monitoring antimalarial treatment. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 2000;94(3):227‐32. - PubMed
Stauffer 2005 {published data only}
    1. Stauffer WM, Newberry A, Cartwright C, Rosenblatt J, Hanson K, Sloan L, et al. Evaluation of malaria screening in Liberian refugees by blood smear and rapid antigen capture assay (Binax (TM)). Preliminary results. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2005;73:603.
Stauffer 2006 {published data only}
    1. Stauffer WM, Newberry AM, Cartwright CP, Rosenblatt JE, Hanson KL, Sloan L, et al. Evaluation of malaria screening in newly arrived refugees to the United States by microscopy and rapid antigen capture enzyme assay. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2006;25(10):948‐50. - PubMed
Stauffer 2009 {published data only}
    1. Stauffer WM, Cartwright CP, Olson DA, Juni BA, Taylor CM, Bowers SH, et al. Diagnostic performance of rapid diagnostic tests versus blood smears for malaria in US clinical practice. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2009;49(6):908‐13. - PMC - PubMed
Stephens 1999 {published data only}
    1. Stephens JK, Phanart K, Rooney W, Barnish G. A comparison of three malaria diagnostic tests, under field conditions in North‐West Thailand. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 1999;30(4):625‐30. - PubMed
Stow 1999 {published data only}
    1. Stow NW, Torrens JK, Walker J. An assessment of the accuracy of clinical diagnosis, local microscopy and a rapid immunochromatographic card test in comparison with expert microscopy in the diagnosis of malaria in rural Kenya. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine an Hygiene 1999;93(5):519‐20. - PubMed
Strøm 2013 {published data only}
    1. Strøm GE, Haanshuus CG, Fataki M, Langeland N, Blomberg B. Challenges in diagnosing paediatric malaria in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Malaria Journal 2013;12:228. - PMC - PubMed
Stürenburg 2009 {published data only}
    1. Stürenburg E, Junker R. Point‐of‐care testing in microbiology: the advantages and disadvantages of immunochromatographic test strips. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 2009;106(4):48‐54. - PMC - PubMed
Surpur 2010 {published data only}
    1. Surpur RR, Basvarajjappa KG, Patil VM, Anitha MR, Vijayanth V. Comparative study of peripheral blood smear and rapid diagnostic test kits for antigen detection for diagnosis of malaria. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 2010;4(2):867‐70.
Susi 2005 {published data only}
    1. Susi B, Whitman T, Blazes DL, Burgess TH, Martin GJ, Freilich D. Rapid diagnostic test for Plasmodium falciparum in 32 Marines medically evacuated from Liberia with a febrile illness. Annals of Internal Medicine 2005;142(6):476‐7. - PubMed
Swarthout 2007 {published data only}
    1. Swarthout TD, Counihan H, Senga RK, Broek I. Paracheck‐Pf accuracy and recently treated Plasmodium falciparum infections: is there a risk of over‐diagnosis?. Malaria Journal 2007;6:58. - PMC - PubMed
Tagbo 2007 {published data only}
    1. Tagbo O, Henrietta UO. Comparisons of clinical, microscopic and rapid diagnostic test methods in the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Enugu, Nigeria. Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal 2007;14(4):285‐9. - PubMed
Tagbor 2008 {published data only}
    1. Tagbor H, Bruce J, Browne E, Greenwood B, Chandramohan D. Performance of the OptiMAL dipstick in the diagnosis of malaria infection in pregnancy. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management 2008;4(3):631‐6. - PMC - PubMed
Tahar 2013 {published data only}
    1. Tahar R, Sayang C, Ngane Foumane V, Soula G, Moyou‐Somo R, Delmont J, et al. Field evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria in Yaounde, Cameroon. Acta Tropica 2013;125(2):214‐9. - PubMed
Tarimo 2001 {published data only}
    1. Tarimo DS, Minjas JN, Bygbjerg IC. Malaria diagnosis and treatment under the strategy of the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI): relevance of laboratory support from the rapid immunochromatographic tests of ICT Malaria P.f/P.v and OptiMAL. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 2001;95(5):437‐44. - PubMed
Taylor 2002 {published data only}
    1. Taylor WRJ, Widjaja H, Basri H, Fryauff DJ, Ohrt CT, Taufik, et al. Assessing the ParaSight®‐F test in Northeastern Papua, Indonesia, an area of mixed Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax transmission. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2002;66(6):649‐52. - PubMed
Tekeste 2012 {published data only}
    1. Tekeste Z, Workineh M, Petros B. Comparison of Paracheck Pf test with conventional light microscopy for the diagnosis of malaria in Ethiopia. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 2012;2(1):1‐3.
Tham 1999 {published data only}
    1. Tham JM, Lee SH, Tan TM, Ting RC, Kara UA. Detection and species determination of malaria parasites by PCR: comparison with microscopy and with ParaSight‐F and ICT malaria Pf tests in a clinical environment. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1999;37(5):1269‐73. - PMC - PubMed
Thepsamarn 1997 {published data only}
    1. Thepsamarn P, Prayoollawongsa N, Puksupa P, Puttoom P, Thaidumrong P, Wongchai S, et al. The ICT Malaria Pf: a simple, rapid dipstick test for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria at the Thai‐Myanmar border. South East Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 1997;28(4):723‐6. - PubMed
Tietche 1996 {published data only}
    1. Tietche F, Teguia S, Tetanye E, Louis FJ, Mbonda E, Epee MF. Presumptive diagnosis of malaria and access thick drop of positivity in children 0 to 5 years in Yaounde (Cameroon) [Diagnostic presomptif d'acces palustre et positivite de la goutte epaisse chez l'enfant de 0 a 5 ans a Yaounde (Cameroun)]. Medecine d'Afrique Noire 1996;43(6):318‐21.
Tjitra 2001a {published data only}
    1. Tjitra E, Suprianto S, Dyer ME, Currie BJ, Anstey NM. Detection of histidine rich protein 2 and panmalarial ICT Malaria Pf/Pv test antigens after chloroquine treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria does not reliably predict treatment outcome in eastern Indonesia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2001;65(5):593‐8. - PubMed
Tjitra 2001b {published data only}
    1. Tjitra A, Suprianto S, McBroom J, Currie BJ, Anstey NM. Persistent ICT malaria P.f/P.v. panmalarial and HRP2 antigen reactivity after treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with gametocytemia and results in false‐positive diagnoses of Plasmodium vivax in convalescence. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2001;39(3):1025‐31. - PMC - PubMed
Trachsler 1999 {published data only}
    1. Trachsler M, Schlagenhauf P, Steffen R. Feasibility of a rapid dipstick antigen‐capture assay for self‐testing of travellers' malaria. Tropical Medicine and International Health 1999;4(6):442‐7. - PubMed
Uguen 1995 {published data only}
    1. Uguen C, Rabodonirina M, Pina JJ, Vigier JP, Martet G, Maret M, et al. ParaSight‐F rapid manual diagnostic test of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1995;73(5):643‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Uneke 2008a {published data only}
    1. Uneke CJ. Diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in pregnancy in sub‐Saharan Africa: the challenges and public health implications. Parasitology Research 2008;102(3):333‐42. - PubMed
Uneke 2008b {published data only}
    1. Uneke CJ, Iyare FE, Oke P, Duhlinska DD. Assessment of malaria in pregnancy using rapid diagnostic tests and its association with HIV infection and hematologic parameters in South‐Eastern Nigeria. Haematologica 2008;93(1):143‐4. - PubMed
Uzochukwu 2009 {published data only}
    1. Uzochukwu BSC, Obikeze EN, Onwujekwe OE, Onoka CA, Griffiths UK. Cost‐effectiveness analysis of rapid diagnostic test, microscopy and syndromic approach in the diagnosis of malaria in Nigeria: implications for scaling‐up deployment of ACT. Malaria Journal 2009;8:265. - PMC - PubMed
Valéa 2009 {published data only}
    1. Valéa I, Tinto H, Nikiema M, Yamuah L, Rouamba N, Drabo M, et al. Performance of OptiMAL compared to microscopy, for malaria detection in Burkina Faso. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2009;14(3):338‐40. - PubMed
Valecha 1998 {published data only}
    1. Valecha N, Sharma VP, Devi CU. A rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) for diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious DIseases 1998;30:257‐60. - PubMed
Valecha 2002 {published data only}
    1. Valecha N, Eapen A, Usha Devi C, Ravindran J, Aggarwal J, Subbarao S. Field evaluation of the ICT Malaria P.f./P.v. immunochromatographic test in India. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 2002;96(3):333‐6. - PubMed
Van den Ende 1998 {published data only}
    1. Ende J, Vervoort T, Gompel A, Lynen L. Evaluation of two tests based on the detection of histidine rich protein 2 for the diagnosis of imported Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1998;92(3):285‐8. - PubMed
VanderJagt 2005 {published data only}
    1. VanderJagt TA, Ikeh EI, Ujah IOA, Belmonte J, Glew RH, VanderJagt DJ. Short communication: Comparison of the OptiMAL rapid test and microscopy for detection of malaria in pregnant women in Nigeria. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2005;10(1):39‐41. - PubMed
Van der Palen 2009 {published data only}
    1. Palen M, Gillet P, Bottieau E, Cnops L, Esbroeck M, Jacobs J. Test characteristics of two rapid antigen detection tests (SD FK50 and SD FK60) for the diagnosis of malaria in returned travellers. Malaria Journal 2009;8:90. - PMC - PubMed
Van Dijk 2009 {published data only}
    1. Dijk DP, Gillet P, Vlieghe E, Cnops L, Esbroeck M, Jacobs J. Evaluation of the Palutop+4 malaria rapid diagnostic test in a non‐endemic setting. Malaria Journal 2009;8:293. - PMC - PubMed
van Hellemond 2009 {published data only}
    1. Hellemond JJ, Rutten M, Koelewijn R, Zeeman AM, Verweij JJ, Wismans PJ, et al. Human Plasmodium knowlesi infection detected by rapid diagnostic tests for malaria. Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal 2009;15(9):1478‐80. - PMC - PubMed
Venkatesh 2007 {published data only}
    1. Venkatesh V, Patibandla PK, Agarwal GG, Awasthi S, Ahuja RC, Nag VL, et al. Performance characteristics of a rapid diagnostic test for malaria, when used to confirm cerebral malaria in children and young adults. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 2007;101(1):85‐7. - PubMed
Verlé 1996 {published data only}
    1. Verlé P, Binh LN, Lieu TT, Yen PT, Coosemans M. ParaSight‐F test to diagnose malaria in hypo‐endemic and epidemic prone regions of Vietnam. Tropical Medicine and International Health 1996;1(6):794‐6. - PubMed
Voller 1993 {published data only}
    1. Voller A. Immunoassays for tropical parasitic infections. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1993;87(5):497‐8. - PubMed
Waltz 2007 {published data only}
    1. Waltz E. Practical malaria tests promise results in remote regions. Nature Medicine 2007;13(1):6. - PubMed
Wang J‐Y 2007 {published data only}
    1. Wang JY, Shi F, Yang YT, Gao CH, Bao YF, Tang LH. Establishment and evaluation of colloid gold labelled immunochromatographic strip tests for rapid diagnosis of malaria. Chinese Journal of Parasitic Diseases 2007;25(5):415‐8. - PubMed
Wanji 2008 {published data only}
    1. Wanji S, Kimbi HK, Eyong JE, Tendongfor N, Ndamukong JL. Performance and usefulness of the Hexagon rapid diagnostic test in children with asymptomatic malaria living in the Mount Cameroon region. Malaria Journal 2008;7:89. - PMC - PubMed
WHO 1996 {published data only}
    1. World Health Organization. A rapid dipstick antigen capture assay for the diagnosis of falciparum malaria. WHO Informal Consultation on Recent Advances in Diagnostic Techniques and Vaccines for Malaria. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1996;74(1):47‐54. - PMC - PubMed
Wiese 2006 {published data only}
    1. Wiese L, Bruun B, Baek L, Friis‐Møller A, Gahrn‐Hansen B, Hansen J, et al. Bedside diagnosis of imported malaria using the Binax Now malaria antigen detection test. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 2006;38(11‐12):1063‐8. - PubMed
Willcox 2009 {published data only}
    1. Willcox ML, Sanogo F, Graz B, Forster M, Dakouo F, Sidibe O, et al. Rapid diagnostic tests for the home‐based management of malaria, in a high‐transmission area. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 2009;103(1):3‐16. - PubMed
Williams 2008 {published data only}
    1. Williams HA, Causer L, Metta E, Malila A, O'Reilly T, Abdulla S, et al. Dispensary level pilot implementation of rapid diagnostic tests: an evaluation of RDT acceptance and usage by providers and patients; Tanzania, 2005. Malaria Journal 2008;7:239. - PMC - PubMed
Wilson 2013 {published data only}
    1. Wilson ML. Laboratory diagnosis of malaria: conventional and rapid diagnostic methods. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 2013;137(6):805‐11. - PubMed
Win 2001 {published data only}
    1. Win TT, Tantular IS, Pusarawati S, Kerong H, Lin K, Matsuoka H, et al. Detection of Plasmodium ovale by the ICT malaria P.f./P.v. immunochromatographic test. Acta Tropica 2001;80(3):283‐4. - PubMed
Wolday 2001 {published data only}
    1. Wolday D, Balcha F, Fessehaye G, Birku Y, Shepherd A. Field trial of the RTM dipstick method for the rapid diagnosis of malaria based on the detection of Plasmodium falciparum HRP‐2 antigen in whole blood. Tropical Doctor 2001;31(1):19‐21. - PubMed
Wongsrichanalai 1999 {published data only}
    1. Wongsrichanalai C, Chuanak N, Tulyayon S, Thanoosingha N, Laoboonchai A, Thimasarn K, et al. Comparison of a rapid field immunochromatographic test to expert microscopy for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum asexual parasitemia in Thailand. Acta Tropica 1999;73(3):263‐73. - PubMed
Wongsrichanalai 2001 {published data only}
    1. Wongsrichanalai C. Rapid diagnostic techniques for malaria control. Trends in Parasitology 2001;17(7):307‐9. - PubMed
Wongsrichanalai 2007 {published data only}
    1. Wongsrichanalai C, Barcus MJ, Muth S, Sutamihardja A, Wernsdorfer WH. A review of malaria diagnostic tools: microscopy and rapid diagnostic test (RDT). American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2007;77(6 Suppl):119‐27. - PubMed
Woyessa 2013 {published data only}
    1. Woyessa A, Deressa W, Ali A, Lindtjørn B. Evaluation of CareStartTM malaria Pf/Pv combo test for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria diagnosis in Butajira area, south‐central Ethiopia. Malaria Journal 2013;12:218. - PMC - PubMed
Wu 2005 {published data only}
    1. Wu YS, Lei LM, Li M. Evaluation of a parasite lactate dehydrogenase‐based colloid gold‐immunochromatography assay for diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum. Academic Journal of the First Medical College of PLA 2005;25(7):761‐5. - PubMed
Yadav 1997 {published data only}
    1. Yadav RS, Sharma VP, Srivastava HC. Field evaluation of an antigen detection immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in India. Tropical Medicine 1997;39(2):45‐9.
Yadav 2012 {published data only}
    1. Yadav S, Sharma M, Aparna, Chaudhary U. Comparative evaluation of pan‐malaria antigen card test and blood smear for diagnosing malaria. International Journal of Life Sciences Biotechnology and Pharma Research 2012;1(3):56‐8.
Yavo 2002 {published data only}
    1. Yavo W, Ackra KN, Menan EIH, Barro‐Kiki PC, Kassi RR, Adjetey TAK, et al. Comparative study of four techniques used in Cote d'Ivoire for malaria's biological diagnosis. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique 2002;95(4):238‐40. - PubMed
Zakai 2003 {published data only}
    1. Zakai HA. Methods used in the diagnosis of malaria: where do we stand?. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 2003;33(3):979‐90. - PubMed
Zerpa 2007 {published data only}
    1. Zerpa N, Pabón R, Wide A, Gavidia M, Medina M, Cáceres JL. Evaluation of the OptiMAL test for diagnosis of malaria in Venezuela. Investigación Clínica 2007;49(1):93‐101. - PubMed
Zheng 1999 {published data only}
    1. Zheng X, Tang L, Xu Y, Meng F, Zhu W, Gu Z, et al. Evaluation of immunochromatographic test in the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases 1999;17(4):235‐6. - PubMed
Zhu 1998 {published data only}
    1. Zhu W, Tang L, Zheng X, Luo M, Gu Z, Qian H, et al. Diagnosis of falciparum malaria by immunochromatographic test. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases 1998;16(2):94‐6. - PubMed
Zikusooka 2008 {published data only}
    1. Zikusooka CM, McIntyre D, Barnes KI. Should countries implementing an artemisinin‐based combination malaria treatment policy also introduce rapid diagnostic tests?. Malaria Journal 2008;7:176. - PMC - PubMed
Zurovac 2008 {published data only}
    1. Zurovac D, Larson BA, Skarbinski J, Slutsker L, Snow RW, Hamel MJ. Modeling the financial and clinical implications of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in the case‐management of older children and adults in Kenya. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2008;78(6):884‐91. - PMC - PubMed

Additional references

Abba 2011
    1. Abba K, Deeks JJ, Olliaro P, Naing CM, Jackson SM, Takwoingi Y, et al. Rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosing uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in endemic countries. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 7. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008122.pub2] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Gogtay 2013
    1. Gogtay N, Kannan S, Thatte UM, Olliaro PL, Sinclair D. Artemisinin‐based combination therapy for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 10. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008492.pub3] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Hamer 2007
    1. Hamer DH, Ndhlovu M, Zurovac D, Fox M, Yeboah‐Antwi K, Chanda P, et al. Improved diagnostic testing and malaria treatment practices in Zambia. Journal of the American Medical Association 2007;297(20):2227‐31. - PMC - PubMed
Hänscheid 2002
    1. Hänscheid T, Grobusch MP. How useful is PCR in the diagnosis of malaria?. Trends in Parasitology 2002;18(9):395‐8. - PubMed
Marx 2005
    1. Marx A, Pewsner D, Egger M, Nüesch R, Bucher HC, Genton B, et al. Meta‐analysis: Accuracy of rapid tests for malaria in travelers returning from endemic areas. Annals of Internal Medicine 2005;142(10):836‐46. - PubMed
May 1999
    1. May J, Mockenhaupt FP, Ademowo OG, Falusi AG, Olumese PE, Bienzle U, et al. High rate of mixed and subpatent malarial infections in Southwest Nigeria. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1999;61(2):339‐43. - PubMed
Ngasala 2008
    1. Ngasala B, Mubi M, Warsame M, Petzold MG, Massele AY, Gustafsson LL, et al. Impact of training in clinical and microscopy diagnosis of childhood malaria on antimalarial drug prescription and health outcome at primary health care level in Tanzania: a randomized controlled trial. Malaria Journal 2008;7:199. - PMC - PubMed
Reitsma 2005
    1. Reitsma JB, Glas AS, Rutjes AW, Scholten RJ, Bossuyt PM, Zwinderman AH. Bivariate analysis of sensitivity and specificity produces informative summary measures in diagnostic reviews. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2005;58(10):982‐90. - PubMed
Smidt 2008
    1. Smidt N, Deeks J, Moore T. Chapter 4: Guide to the contents of a Cochrane review and protocol. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Version 0.4 [updated September 2008]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2008.
Snounou 1993
    1. Snounou G, Viriyakasol S, Zhu XP, Jarra W, Pinheiro L, do Rosario VE, et al. High sensitivity of detection of human malaria parasites by the use of nested polymerase chain reaction. Molecular Biochemistry and Parasitology 1993;61(2):315‐20. - PubMed
StataCorp 2011 [Computer program]
    1. StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software. Version 12. College Station, Texas: StataCorp LP, 2011.
Talman 2007
    1. Talman AM, Duval L, Legrand E, Hubert V, Yen S, Bell D, et al. Evaluation of the intra and inter‐specific genetic variability of Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase. Malaria Journal 2007;6:140. - PMC - PubMed
Tavrow 2000
    1. Tavrow P, Knebel E, Cogswell L. Using quality design to improve malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Malawi. Published for the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) by the Quality Assurance Project (QAP); Bethesda, Maryland 2000; Vol. Operations Research Results 1(4).
Whiting 2003
    1. Whiting P, Rutjes AWS, Reitsma JB, Bossuyt PMM, Kleinjen J. The development of QUADAS: a tool for the quality assessment of studies of diagnostic test accuracy included in systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology 2003;3:25. - PMC - PubMed
Whiting 2009
    1. Whiting P, Westwood M, Burke M, Sterne J, Glanville J. Systematic reviews of test accuracy should search a range of databases to identify primary studies. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2009;61(4):357‐64. - PubMed
WHO 2000
    1. World Health Organization. New perspectives: malaria diagnosis: report of a joint WHO/USAID informal consultation 25‐27 October 1999. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2000.
WHO 2003
    1. World Health Organization. Malaria rapid diagnosis:making it work: World Health Organization meeting report 20‐23 January, Manila. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2003.
WHO 2005
    1. World Health Organization. Prevention and control of malaria. Strategic orientation paper. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2005.
WHO 2005a
    1. Roll Back Malaria Department, World Health Organization. Interim notes on selection of type of malaria rapid diagnostic test in relation to the occurrence of different parasite species: Guidance for national malaria control programmes. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2005.
WHO 2006
    1. World Health Organization. Towards quality testing of malaria rapid diagnostic tests: evidence and methods. Proceedings of the WHO Informal Consultation on development and methods for testing malaria rapid diagnostic tests 28 February ‐ 2 March 2006. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2006.
WHO 2008
    1. World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. Determining cost effectiveness of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in rural areas with high prevalence. www.wpro.who.int/sites/rdt (accessed 17/10/2008).
WHO 2009
    1. World Health Organization. List of known commercially‐available antigen‐detecting malaria RDTs: Information for national public health services and UN Agencies wishing to procure RDTs. http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/990245C0‐F157‐417A‐90C7‐B08A7E1A50B... accessed 12 09 2012.
WHO 2009b
    1. World Health Organization. World Malaria Report 2009. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2009.
WHO 2010
    1. World Health Organization. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2010.
WHO 2012
    1. World Health Organization. Malaria rapid diagnostic test performance: results of the WHO product testing of malaria RDTs: Round 1 (2008). Malaria rapid diagnostic test performance: results of WHO product testing of malaria RDTs: Round 4 (2012). Geneva: World Health Organization, 2012.

Substances

LinkOut - more resources