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Review
. 2014;10(7):1935-48.
doi: 10.4161/hv.28639.

Fast vaccine design and development based on correlates of protection (COPs)

Cécile van Els  1 , Siri Mjaaland, Lisbeth Næss, Julia Sarkadi, Eva Gonczol, Karen Smith Korsholm, Jon Hansen, Jørgen de Jonge, Gideon Kersten, Jennifer Warner, Amanda Semper, Corine Kruiswijk, Fredrik Oftung
Affiliations
Review

Fast vaccine design and development based on correlates of protection (COPs)

Cécile van Els et al. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014.

Abstract

New and reemerging infectious diseases call for innovative and efficient control strategies of which fast vaccine design and development represent an important element. In emergency situations, when time is limited, identification and use of correlates of protection (COPs) may play a key role as a strategic tool for accelerated vaccine design, testing, and licensure. We propose that general rules for COP-based vaccine design can be extracted from the existing knowledge of protective immune responses against a large spectrum of relevant viral and bacterial pathogens. Herein, we focus on the applicability of this approach by reviewing the established and up-coming COPs for influenza in the context of traditional and a wide array of new vaccine concepts. The lessons learnt from this field may be applied more generally to COP-based accelerated vaccine design for emerging infections.

Keywords: COP based vaccine design; correlates of protection; influenza; vaccine development.

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Figures

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Figure 1. Nomenclature and localization of the major external and internal protein antigens of the influenza virus.
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Figure 2. Connectograms showing both type and strength of a spectrum of immune responses induced by principally different influenza vaccine concepts: (A) Classical split or subunit vaccines mostly inducing vaccine specific HA and NA antibodies, (B) Vaccines specifically targeting a more broad antibody response with potential for cross-protection, (C) Vaccines specifically targeting conserved antigens for cross-reactive T cell responses, and (D) LAIV covering a broad range of both humoral and cellular immune responses.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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