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. 2014 Sep 18:4:6417.
doi: 10.1038/srep06417.

Pathogenic eukaryotes in gut microbiota of western lowland gorillas as revealed by molecular survey

Ibrahim Hamad  1 , Mamadou B Keita  1 , Martine Peeters  2 , Eric Delaporte  2 , Didier Raoult  1 , Fadi Bittar  1
Affiliations

Pathogenic eukaryotes in gut microbiota of western lowland gorillas as revealed by molecular survey

Ibrahim Hamad et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Although gorillas regarded as the largest extant species of primates and have a close phylogenetic relationship with humans, eukaryotic communities have not been previously studied in these populations. Herein, 35 eukaryotic primer sets targeting the 18S rRNA gene, internal transcribed spacer gene and other specific genes were used firstly to explore the eukaryotes in a fecal sample from a wild western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Then specific real-time PCRs were achieved in additional 48 fecal samples from 21 individual gorillas to investigate the presence of human eukaryotic pathogens. In total, 1,572 clones were obtained and sequenced from the 15 cloning libraries, resulting in the retrieval of 87 eukaryotic species, including 52 fungi, 10 protozoa, 4 nematodes and 21 plant species, of which 52, 5, 2 and 21 species, respectively, have never before been described in gorillas. We also reported the occurrence of pathogenic fungi and parasites (i.e. Oesophagostomum bifurcum (86%), Necator americanus (43%), Candida tropicalis (81%) and other pathogenic fungi were identified). In conclusion, molecular techniques using multiple primer sets may offer an effective tool to study complex eukaryotic communities and to identify potential pathogens in the gastrointestinal tracts of primates.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. The eukaryotic species that were retrieved from the gut of Gorilla gorilla gorilla according to the different primers used.
A box indicates that the species was positive with the primer set used. Blue color = fungi; red color = protozoa; orange color = helminths; and green color = plants. The trees were constructed using the free software MEGA 5 and sequences that were retrieved from GenBank (ITS sequences for fungi and helminths and 18S rDNA for protozoa and plants).
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