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Review
. 2014:2014:641759.
doi: 10.1155/2014/641759. Epub 2014 Aug 14.

Effects of engineered nanomaterials on plants growth: an overview

Farzad Aslani  1 , Samira Bagheri  2 , Nurhidayatullaili Muhd Julkapli  2 , Abdul Shukor Juraimi  1 , Farahnaz Sadat Golestan Hashemi  3 , Ali Baghdadi  1
Affiliations
Review

Effects of engineered nanomaterials on plants growth: an overview

Farzad Aslani et al. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014.

Abstract

Rapid development and wide applications of nanotechnology brought about a significant increment on the number of engineered nanomaterials (ENs) inevitably entering our living system. Plants comprise of a very important living component of the terrestrial ecosystem. Studies on the influence of engineered nanomaterials (carbon and metal/metal oxides based) on plant growth indicated that in the excess content, engineered nanomaterials influences seed germination. It assessed the shoot-to-root ratio and the growth of the seedlings. From the toxicological studies to date, certain types of engineered nanomaterials can be toxic once they are not bound to a substrate or if they are freely circulating in living systems. It is assumed that the different types of engineered nanomaterials affect the different routes, behavior, and the capability of the plants. Furthermore, different, or even opposing conclusions, have been drawn from most studies on the interactions between engineered nanomaterials with plants. Therefore, this paper comprehensively reviews the studies on the different types of engineered nanomaterials and their interactions with different plant species, including the phytotoxicity, uptakes, and translocation of engineered nanomaterials by the plant at the whole plant and cellular level.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
List of carbon-based nanomaterials potential applications.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Release routes of engineered nanomaterials in living system.
Figure 3
Figure 3
General application of engineered nanomaterials in agricultural.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Interaction of engineered nanomaterials in the environment. (1) Engineered nanomaterials absorbed directly to plant root. (2) Engineered nanomaterials mixed with water medium. (3) Engineered nanomaterials mixed with water and transferred to plant. (4) Engineered nanomaterials stayed in the soil.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effect of graphene (G) on of red spinach, cabbage, and tomato seedlings. 21 days seedlings growth on Hoagland media with graphene (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mgL−1) were utilized for all measurements. (a) Root length, (b) shoot length, (c) root weight, (d) shoot weight, (e) leaf number, and (f) leaf area [28].
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effects of graphene (G) on accumulation of H2O2 in leaves tested by means of the ROS-sensitive dye DAB of red spinach, cabbage, and tomato seedlings. 21 days leaves treated with or without 1000 mgL−1 graphene were utilized for all measurements. (a), (c), and (e) are cabbage, tomato, and red spinach leaves without graphene, respectively. (b), (d), and (f) are cabbage, tomato, and red spinach leaves with graphene (1000 mgL−1), respectively. The brown staining shows the formation of a brown polymerization product when H2O2 reacts with DAB. (g) Effect of graphene (1000 mgL−1) on the accumulation of H2O2 in treated leaves as measured utilizing DAB [28].
Figure 7
Figure 7
Behavior of graphene (1000 mgL−1) on the root surface of tomato seedlings grown in Hoagland medium. (a, d) SEM image of the untreated control of tomato root elongation and root hair zone, respectively. (b) Root elongation zone of tomato root and (c, e, and f) showing surface detachment and aggregates of G on the tomato roots surface treated with G [28].
Figure 8
Figure 8
Antifungal effect of Ag nanoparticles on culture filtrate and cell. Scanning electron microscopy images of hyphae of Alternaria alternata treated with silver, copper, or copper/silver nanoparticles. Fungal hyphae grown on potato dextrose agar plates as (a) control or supplemented with 15 mgL−1, (b) Ag, (c) Cu, or (d) Ag/Cu nanoparticle solution, respectively, Photos were taken at seven days after the incubation period [29].
Figure 9
Figure 9
Scanning electron microscope images for NPs/lettuce seeds. In the aqueous phase, the SEM image shows that metal oxide NPs (TiO2 NPs 1000 mgL−1) (a) and (CuO NPs 1000 mgL−1) were adsorbed on the seed surface (b) [30].
Figure 10
Figure 10
Scanning electron microscope images of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) root surface under control (left) and treatment (right) with ZnO nanoparticles (1,000 mgL−1) at a magnification of ×1,000 (a), ×5,000 (b), and ×150,000 (c) [31].
Figure 11
Figure 11
Transmission electron microscopy images of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) root surface under control (a) and treatment (b) with ZnO nanoparticles (1,000 mgL−1) [31].
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