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. 2015 Apr;240(4):418-25.
doi: 10.1177/1535370214549521. Epub 2014 Sep 5.

Alpha-lipoic acid affects the oxidative stress in various brain structures in mice with methionine and choline deficiency

Milena Veskovic  1 , Dusan Mladenovic  1 , Bojan Jorgacevic  1 , Ivana Stevanovic  2 , Silvio de Luka  1 , Tatjana Radosavljevic  3
Affiliations

Alpha-lipoic acid affects the oxidative stress in various brain structures in mice with methionine and choline deficiency

Milena Veskovic et al. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2015 Apr.

Abstract

Deficiency in methionine or choline can induce oxidative stress in various organs such as liver, kidney, heart, and brain. This study was to examine the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (LA) on oxidative stress induced by methionine and choline deficiency (MCD) in several brain structures. Male mice C57BL/6 (n = 28) were divided into four groups: (1) control - continuously fed with standard chow; (2) LA - fed with standard chow and receiving LA; (3) MCD2 - fed with MCD diet for two weeks, and (4) MCD2+LA - fed with MCD diet for two weeks and receiving LA (100 mg/kg/day intraperitonealy [i.p.]). Brain tissue (cortex, hypothalamus, striatum and hippocampus) was taken for determination of oxidative stress parameters. MCD diet induced a significant increase in malondialdehyde and NOx concentration in all brain regions, while LA restored their content to normal values. Similar to this, in MCD2 group, activity of total SOD, MnSOD, and Cu/ZnSOD was reduced by MCD diet, while LA treatment improved their activities in all brain structures. Besides, in MCD2 group a decrease in catalase activity in cortex and GSH content in hypothalamus was evident, while LA treatment induced an increase in catalase activity in cortex and striatum and GSH content in hypothalamus. LA treatment can significantly reduce lipid peroxidation and nitrosative stress, caused by MCD diet, in all brain regions by restoring antioxidant enzymes activities, predominantly total SOD, MnSOD, and Cu/ZnSOD, and to a lesser extent by modulating catalase activity and GSH content. LA supplementation may be used in order to prevent brain oxidative injury induced by methionine and choline deficiency.

Keywords: Methionine and choline deficient diet; lipid peroxidation; lipoic acid; nitrosative stress; oxidative stress.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Concentration of MDA (a), and NOx (b) in various brain regions. Control group – continuously fed with standard chow; LA – group fed with standard chow and was receiving LA for two weeks; MCD2 group fed with MCD diet for two weeks, and MCD2 + LA – group that was fed with MCD diet for two weeks and was receiving LA. Significance of the difference was estimated by using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. control; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs. MCD2 group). MDA: malondyaldehide; NOx: nitrates + nitrites; MCD: methionine–choline deficient; LA: lipoic acid; Cx: cortex; H: hypothalamus; S: striatum; Hipp: hippocampus
Figure 2
Figure 2
Brain CAT activity (a) and GSH content (b) in various brain regions. Control – continuously fed with standard chow; LA – group fed with standard chow and was receiving LA for two weeks; MCD2 group fed with MCD diet for two weeks, and MCD2 + LA – group that was fed with MCD diet for two weeks and was receiving LA. Significance of the difference was estimated by using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. control; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs. MCD2 group). CAT: catalase; GSH: glutathione; MCD: methionine-choline deficient; LA: lipoic acid; Cx: cortex; H: hypothalamus; S: striatum; Hipp: hippocampus
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