Restimulating interest in cytomegalovirus as a cofactor for HIV infection

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu419

Editorial

. 2015 Jan 15;211(2):169-71.

doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu419. Epub 2014 Jul 31.

Restimulating interest in cytomegalovirus as a cofactor for HIV infection

Vincent C Emery¹

Affiliations

PMID: 25081934
PMCID: PMC4279779
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu419

Editorial

Restimulating interest in cytomegalovirus as a cofactor for HIV infection

Vincent C Emery. J Infect Dis. 2015.

. 2015 Jan 15;211(2):169-71.

doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu419. Epub 2014 Jul 31.

Author

Vincent C Emery¹

Affiliation

¹ Department of Microbial and Cellular Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.

PMID: 25081934
PMCID: PMC4279779
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu419

No abstract available

Keywords: cell entry; cofactors; herpesvirus; molecular mechanism; retrovirus.

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Figures

**Figure 1.**
Potential mechanisms by which cytomegalovirus (CMV) might enhance human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication. Direct coinfection in cells such as macrophages could lead to enhanced HIV replication, through transactivation of the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR), or to enhanced HIV tropism, through pseudotype formation. Alternatively, CMV infection can lead to the production of the CMV G-coupled receptor US28 or its Fc receptor, leading to entry of HIV into cells that are normally not permissive. The bottom panel captures the data presented by Johnson et al (submitted), whereby CMV infection of macrophages leads to the activation of resting cord blood mononuclear cells, resulting in upregulation of CCR5, enhanced HIV entry, and increased HIV replication. Abbreviation: CBMC, cord blood mononuclear cell.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment on

Cytomegalovirus upregulates expression of CCR5 in central memory cord blood mononuclear cells, which may facilitate in utero HIV type 1 transmission.
Johnson EL, Howard CL, Thurman J, Pontiff K, Johnson ES, Chakraborty R. Johnson EL, et al. J Infect Dis. 2015 Jan 15;211(2):187-96. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu424. Epub 2014 Jul 31. J Infect Dis. 2015. PMID: 25081935 Free PMC article.
Cytomegalovirus coinfection is associated with an increased risk of severe non-AIDS-defining events in a large cohort of HIV-infected patients.
Lichtner M, Cicconi P, Vita S, Cozzi-Lepri A, Galli M, Lo Caputo S, Saracino A, De Luca A, Moioli M, Maggiolo F, Marchetti G, Vullo V, d'Arminio Monforte A; ICONA Foundation Study. Lichtner M, et al. J Infect Dis. 2015 Jan 15;211(2):178-86. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu417. Epub 2014 Jul 31. J Infect Dis. 2015. PMID: 25081936

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A rare case of CMV pneumonia in HIV-infection.
Poh KC, Zheng S. Poh KC, et al. Respir Med Case Rep. 2019 Oct 16;28:100945. doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2019.100945. eCollection 2019. Respir Med Case Rep. 2019. PMID: 31709138 Free PMC article.
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References

1. Fishman JA, Rubin RH. Infection in organ-transplant recipients. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1741–51. - PubMed
1. Fishman JA, Emery V, Freeman R, et al. Cytomegalovirus in transplantation—challenging the status quo. Clin Transplant. 2007;21:149–58. - PubMed
1. Manicklal S, Emery VC, Lazzarotto T, Boppana SB, Gupta RK. The "silent" global burden of congenital cytomegalovirus. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013;26:86–102. - PMC - PubMed
1. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) culture results, drug resistance, and clinical outcome in patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis treated with foscarnet or ganciclovir. Studies of Ocular Complications of AIDS (SOCA) in collaboration with the AIDS Clinical Trial Group. J Infect Dis. 1997;176:50–8. - PubMed
1. Bowen EF, Emery VC, Wilson P, et al. Cytomegalovirus polymerase chain reaction viraemia in patients receiving ganciclovir maintenance therapy for retinitis. AIDS. 1998;12:605–11. - PubMed

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[1] Fishman JA, Rubin RH. Infection in organ-transplant recipients. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1741–51. - PubMed

[2] Fishman JA, Rubin RH. Infection in organ-transplant recipients. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1741–51. - PubMed

[3] Fishman JA, Emery V, Freeman R, et al. Cytomegalovirus in transplantation—challenging the status quo. Clin Transplant. 2007;21:149–58. - PubMed

[4] Fishman JA, Emery V, Freeman R, et al. Cytomegalovirus in transplantation—challenging the status quo. Clin Transplant. 2007;21:149–58. - PubMed

[5] Manicklal S, Emery VC, Lazzarotto T, Boppana SB, Gupta RK. The "silent" global burden of congenital cytomegalovirus. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013;26:86–102. - PMC - PubMed

[6] Manicklal S, Emery VC, Lazzarotto T, Boppana SB, Gupta RK. The "silent" global burden of congenital cytomegalovirus. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013;26:86–102. - PMC - PubMed

[7] Cytomegalovirus (CMV) culture results, drug resistance, and clinical outcome in patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis treated with foscarnet or ganciclovir. Studies of Ocular Complications of AIDS (SOCA) in collaboration with the AIDS Clinical Trial Group. J Infect Dis. 1997;176:50–8. - PubMed

[8] Cytomegalovirus (CMV) culture results, drug resistance, and clinical outcome in patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis treated with foscarnet or ganciclovir. Studies of Ocular Complications of AIDS (SOCA) in collaboration with the AIDS Clinical Trial Group. J Infect Dis. 1997;176:50–8. - PubMed

[9] Bowen EF, Emery VC, Wilson P, et al. Cytomegalovirus polymerase chain reaction viraemia in patients receiving ganciclovir maintenance therapy for retinitis. AIDS. 1998;12:605–11. - PubMed

[10] Bowen EF, Emery VC, Wilson P, et al. Cytomegalovirus polymerase chain reaction viraemia in patients receiving ganciclovir maintenance therapy for retinitis. AIDS. 1998;12:605–11. - PubMed

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Restimulating interest in cytomegalovirus as a cofactor for HIV infection

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Restimulating interest in cytomegalovirus as a cofactor for HIV infection

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