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Review
. 2014 Jul 7:5:321.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00321. eCollection 2014.

Host and viral RNA-binding proteins involved in membrane targeting, replication and intercellular movement of plant RNA virus genomes

Kiwamu Hyodo  1 , Masanori Kaido  1 , Tetsuro Okuno  1
Affiliations
Review

Host and viral RNA-binding proteins involved in membrane targeting, replication and intercellular movement of plant RNA virus genomes

Kiwamu Hyodo et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Many plant viruses have positive-strand RNA [(+)RNA] as their genome. Therefore, it is not surprising that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play important roles during (+)RNA virus infection in host plants. Increasing evidence demonstrates that viral and host RBPs play critical roles in multiple steps of the viral life cycle, including translation and replication of viral genomic RNAs, and their intra- and intercellular movement. Although studies focusing on the RNA-binding activities of viral and host proteins, and their associations with membrane targeting, and intercellular movement of viral genomes have been limited to a few viruses, these studies have provided important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the replication and movement of viral genomic RNAs. In this review, we briefly overview the currently defined roles of viral and host RBPs whose RNA-binding activity have been confirmed experimentally in association with their membrane targeting, and intercellular movement of plant RNA virus genomes.

Keywords: RNA replication; RNA virus; RNA-binding protein; cell-to-cell movement; cellular membrane.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Schematic representation of the multiplication steps of a (+)RNA virus. Viral genomic RNA serves as the template for translation of the replicase proteins (vRdRp, viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase; vAP, auxiliary replicase protein). vAP recognizes vRNA in a sequence-specific manner and recruits to a selected membrane. vAP and vRdRp proteins interact with each other to form viral replication complexes (VRCs) with host proteins (HF) and vRNA (Step 1). Viral movement protein (MP) that is translated near the VRCs binds to vRNA. In the case of RCNMV, the MP expressed ectopically is recruited to the VRCs (Step 2; Kaido et al., 2009). MP binds to vRNA in or near the VRCs in a sequence non-specific manner and is transported to plasmodesmata (PD).
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