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. 2012 Jul 3;1(2):116-33.
doi: 10.3390/biology1020116.

Dynamic Post-Transcriptional Regulation of HIV-1 Gene Expression

Anna Kula  1 , Alessandro Marcello  2
Affiliations

Dynamic Post-Transcriptional Regulation of HIV-1 Gene Expression

Anna Kula et al. Biology (Basel). .

Abstract

Gene expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a highly regulated process. Basal transcription of the integrated provirus generates early transcripts that encode for the viral products Tat and Rev. Tat promotes the elongation of RNA polymerase while Rev mediates the nuclear export of viral RNAs that contain the Rev-responsive RNA element (RRE). These RNAs are exported from the nucleus to allow expression of Gag-Pol and Env proteins and for the production of full-length genomic RNAs. A balance exists between completely processed mRNAs and RRE-containing RNAs. Rev functions as an adaptor that recruits cellular factors to re-direct singly spliced and unspliced viral RNAs to nuclear export. The aim of this review is to address the dynamic regulation of this post-transcriptional pathway in light of recent findings that implicate several novel cellular cofactors of Rev function.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Schematic description of the HIV-1 MS2-tagging method. Top, the viral cassette carrying the MS2 repeats is integrated in the cell’s chromatin. RNAPII transcribes along the provirus and produces tagged RNAs that are bound by EYFP-MS2nls for visualization of the nascent RNA. Alternatively, FLAG-MS2nls can be used to pull-down the viral RNA for affinity purification of the associated proteome. An outline of the full-lengthviral genome is also shown below with the construct HIV_intro_24xMS2 (not drawn to scale). These constructs are described in great detail in a series of papers [30,32,35]; (b) Localization of Tat on HIV-1 RNA at the transcription site. Tat-Cherry was found associated with the transcription site marked by the accumulation of MS2 (white arrow) in U2OS cell clones expressing EYFP-MS2nls; (c) Localization of SF2 on HIV-1 RNA at the transcription site. SF2-GFP was found associated with the transcription site marked by the accumulation of MS2 (white arrow) in U2OS cell clones expressing Tat and EYFP-MS2nls.
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