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Review
. 2014;10(6):1436-48.
doi: 10.4161/hv.28857. Epub 2014 Apr 22.

Rotavirus vaccines: current status and future considerations

Catherine Yen  1 , Jacqueline E Tate  2 , Terri B Hyde  3 , Margaret M Cortese  2 , Benjamin A Lopman  2 , Baoming Jiang  2 , Roger I Glass  4 , Umesh D Parashar  2
Affiliations
Review

Rotavirus vaccines: current status and future considerations

Catherine Yen et al. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014.

Abstract

Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea among children<5 years worldwide. Currently licensed rotavirus vaccines have been efficacious and effective, with many countries reporting substantial declines in diarrheal and rotavirus-specific morbidity and mortality. However, the full public health impact of these vaccines has not been realized. Most countries, including those with the highest disease burden, have not yet introduced rotavirus vaccines into their national immunization programs. Research activities that may help inform vaccine introduction decisions include (1) establishing effectiveness, impact, and safety for rotavirus vaccines in low-income settings; (2) identifying potential strategies to improve performance of oral rotavirus vaccines in developing countries, such as zinc supplementation; and (3) pursuing alternate approaches to oral vaccines, such as parenteral immunization. Policy- and program-level barriers, such as financial implications of new vaccine introductions, should be addressed to ensure that countries are able to make informed decisions regarding rotavirus vaccine introduction.

Keywords: diarrhea; gastroenteritis; rotavirus; rotavirus vaccines; vaccine impact.

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Figures

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Figure 1. 10 countries with the greatest number of rotavirus deaths in 2008. Adapted from: Tate et al. 2008 estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 y before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2012; 12(2):136–141.
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Figure 2. National rotavirus vaccine introductions, by geographic region—56 countries*
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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