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Review
. 2014 Jan;95(1):71-81.
doi: 10.1189/jlb.0713368. Epub 2013 Oct 24.

HIV-1 envelope-receptor interactions required for macrophage infection and implications for current HIV-1 cure strategies

Paul R Gorry  1 , Nicholas Francella, Sharon R Lewin, Ronald G Collman
Affiliations
Review

HIV-1 envelope-receptor interactions required for macrophage infection and implications for current HIV-1 cure strategies

Paul R Gorry et al. J Leukoc Biol. 2014 Jan.

Abstract

Myeloid cells residing in the CNS and lymphoid tissues are targets for productive HIV-1 replication, and their infection contributes to the pathological manifestations of HIV-1 infection. The Envs can adopt altered configurations to overcome entry restrictions in macrophages via a more efficient and/or altered mechanism of engagement with cellular receptors. This review highlights evidence supporting an important role for macrophages in HIV-1 pathogenesis and persistence, which need to be considered for strategies aimed at achieving a functional or sterilizing cure. We also highlight that the molecular mechanisms underlying HIV-1 tropism for macrophages are complex, involving enhanced and/or altered interactions with CD4, CCR5, and/or CXCR4, and that the nature of these interactions may depend on the anatomical location of the virus.

Keywords: CCR5; CD4; CXCR4; reservoir.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Alternative mechanisms of coreceptor engagement by M-tropic HIV-1 Envs.
The models shown, which illustrate potential differences in Env–coreceptor engagement contributing to M-tropism of HIV-1, are inferred from recent studies by Salimi et al. [109], Sterjovski et al. [131], and Cashin et al. [110]. Increased reliance on a particular coreceptor region is shown by thick black arrows. SO4, Sulfate; N-term, N-terminus; CD4i, CD4-inducible; CD4bs, CD4 binding site.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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