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Review
. 2013:87:37-74.
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-407698-3.00002-8.

Molecular biology and epidemiology of dianthoviruses

Tetsuro Okuno  1 , Chuji Hiruki
Affiliations
Review

Molecular biology and epidemiology of dianthoviruses

Tetsuro Okuno et al. Adv Virus Res. 2013.

Abstract

The genus Dianthovirus is one of eight genera in the family Tombusviridae. All the genera have monopartite positive-stranded RNA genomes, except the dianthoviruses which have bipartite genomes. The dianthoviruses are distributed worldwide. Although they share common structural features with the other Tombusviridae viruses in their virions and the terminal structure of the genomic RNAs, the bipartite nature of the dianthovirus genome offers an ideal experimental system with which to study basic issues of virology. The two genomic RNAs seem to use distinct strategies to regulate their translation, transcription, genome replication, genome packaging, and cell-to-cell movement during infection. This review summarizes the current state of our knowledge of the dianthoviruses, with its main emphasis on the molecular biology of the virus, including the viral and host factors required for its infection of host plants. The epidemiology of the virus and the possible viral impacts on agriculture and the environment are also discussed.

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Figures

Figure 2.1
Figure 2.1
Schematic representation of the genome structure of RCNMV, with the predicted RNA structures. TABS, trans-activator-binding site; 3′TE-DR1, cap-independent translational enhancer; TA, trans-activator; YRE, Y-shaped RNA element. *A-rich sequence (ARS): the PABP-binding site. **Loop sequences required for the long-distance RNA–RNA interaction that facilitates − 1PFS. Nucleotide numbers from the 5′ end are shown below the lines.
Figure 2.2
Figure 2.2
Schematic representation of the formation of the viral replication factory in RCNMV-infected cells. The abundant auxiliary replicase protein p27 interacts with p27 itself, p88, and viral RNAs, and also interacts with host proteins, such as Hsp70, Hsp90, and Arf1. These interactions are essential for the recruitment of viral genomic RNAs, viral proteins, and host factors to the ER membranes and for the reorganization of the membranes to form the viral RNA replication factory.
Figure 2.3
Figure 2.3
A general view of the site where sweet clover plants were grown to prevent soil erosion. This site was used to observe the natural spread of SCNMV.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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