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. 2013:2013:892106.
doi: 10.1155/2013/892106. Epub 2013 May 23.

Translational potential into health care of basic genomic and genetic findings for human immunodeficiency virus, Chlamydia trachomatis, and human papilloma virus

Jelena Malogajski  1 , Ivan Brankovic, Stephan P Verweij, Elena Ambrosino, Michiel A van Agtmael, Angela Brand, Sander Ouburg, Servaas A Morré
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Translational potential into health care of basic genomic and genetic findings for human immunodeficiency virus, Chlamydia trachomatis, and human papilloma virus

Jelena Malogajski et al. Biomed Res Int. 2013.

Abstract

Individual variations in susceptibility to an infection as well as in the clinical course of the infection can be explained by pathogen related factors, environmental factors, and host genetic differences. In this paper we review the state-of-the-art basic host genomic and genetic findings' translational potential of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) into applications in public health, especially in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of complications of these infectious diseases. There is a significant amount of knowledge about genetic variants having a positive or negative influence on the course and outcome of HIV infection. In the field of Chlamydia trachomatis, genomic advances hold the promise of a more accurate subfertility prediction test based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In HPV research, recent developments in early diagnosis of infection-induced cervical cancer are based on methylation tests. Indeed, triage based on methylation markers might be a step forward in a more effective stratification of women at risk for cervical cancer. Our review found an imbalance between the number of host genetic variants with a role in modulating the immune response and the number of practical genomic applications developed thanks to this knowledge.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Current serology protocol for subfertility resulting from CT infection. Women with a negative CT serology are advised to try to conceive for one year; however, 20% of those women actually have tubal pathology and are thus misdiagnosed. Of the women with a positive CT serological test, 40–45% do not have tubal pathology after laparoscopic examination and are thus misdiagnosed. Figure adapted from Lal et al. [43].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Introducing methylation as an addition to the primary hrHPV test would lower the number of unnecessary referrals to gynaecologists. Figure based on Yang et al. [63].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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