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Review
. 2014 Jan;71(1):63-92.
doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1322-4. Epub 2013 Mar 24.

Regulation of monocyte differentiation by specific signaling modules and associated transcription factor networks

René Huber  1 , Daniel Pietsch, Johannes Günther, Bastian Welz, Nico Vogt, Korbinian Brand
Affiliations
Review

Regulation of monocyte differentiation by specific signaling modules and associated transcription factor networks

René Huber et al. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Jan.

Abstract

Monocyte/macrophages are important players in orchestrating the immune response as well as connecting innate and adaptive immunity. Myelopoiesis and monopoiesis are characterized by the interplay between expansion of stem/progenitor cells and progression towards further developed (myelo)monocytic phenotypes. In response to a variety of differentiation-inducing stimuli, various prominent signaling pathways are activated. Subsequently, specific transcription factors are induced, regulating cell proliferation and maturation. This review article focuses on the integration of signaling modules and transcriptional networks involved in the determination of monocytic differentiation.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The development of monocytic cells. The scheme shows the different myeloid and premonocytic stages of monocytic maturation beginning with self-renewing HSC in the bone marrow via several myeloid progenitors resulting in the formation of blood monocytes. Further developmental steps yield the generation of macrophages and DC in different tissues. Further details are described in the text (HSC hematopoietic stem cell, MPP multipotent progenitor, CMP common myeloid progenitor, GMP granulocyte/monocyte progenitor, MDP monocyte/macrophage and dendritic cell progenitor, MΦ macrophage)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Signaling modules and associated transcription factor networks contributing to monocytic differentiation. A simplified flow diagram is shown summarizing the most important signaling modules involved in monopoiesis by orchestrating progenitor cell expansion and maturation of (myelo)monocytic cells. Furthermore, the most important connections between signaling cascades and transcriptional networks are depicted. Potential key molecules and the most prominent associations are indicated in red. Beyond regulation of transcriptional networks, several signaling molecules may also directly influence additional regulatory levels and cellular functions during monocyte/macrophage differentiation, which are not shown in this figure (for further details, see text)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The influence of key transcription factors on monopoiesis. The figure illustrates the most important transcription factors contributing to progenitor cell expansion (red) and monocyte/macrophage differentiation (blue) during each step of maturation (see text for further details)
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