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. 2013 Mar 1;339(6123):1074-7.
doi: 10.1126/science.1232542. Epub 2013 Jan 17.

Genome-wide quantitative enhancer activity maps identified by STARR-seq

Cosmas D Arnold  1 , Daniel Gerlach, Christoph Stelzer, Łukasz M Boryń, Martina Rath, Alexander Stark
Affiliations

Genome-wide quantitative enhancer activity maps identified by STARR-seq

Cosmas D Arnold et al. Science. .

Abstract

Genomic enhancers are important regulators of gene expression, but their identification is a challenge, and methods depend on indirect measures of activity. We developed a method termed STARR-seq to directly and quantitatively assess enhancer activity for millions of candidates from arbitrary sources of DNA, which enables screens across entire genomes. When applied to the Drosophila genome, STARR-seq identifies thousands of cell type-specific enhancers across a broad continuum of strengths, links differential gene expression to differences in enhancer activity, and creates a genome-wide quantitative enhancer map. This map reveals the highly complex regulation of transcription, with several independent enhancers for both developmental regulators and ubiquitously expressed genes. STARR-seq can be used to identify and quantify enhancer activity in other eukaryotes, including humans.

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