Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2012 Nov 12;4(11):3069-89.
doi: 10.3390/v4113069.

Spatio-temporal dynamics of viruses are differentially affected by parasitoids depending on the mode of transmission

Beatriz Dáder  1 , Aránzazu Moreno, Elisa Viñuela, Alberto Fereres
Affiliations

Spatio-temporal dynamics of viruses are differentially affected by parasitoids depending on the mode of transmission

Beatriz Dáder et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

Relationships between agents in multitrophic systems are complex and very specific. Insect-transmitted plant viruses are completely dependent on the behaviour and distribution patterns of their vectors. The presence of natural enemies may directly affect aphid behaviour and spread of plant viruses, as the escape response of aphids might cause a potential risk for virus dispersal. The spatio-temporal dynamics of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV), transmitted by Aphis gossypii in a non-persistent and persistent manner, respectively, were evaluated at short and long term in the presence and absence of the aphid parasitoid, Aphidius colemani. SADIE methodology was used to study the distribution patterns of both the virus and its vector, and their degree of association. Results suggested that parasitoids promoted aphid dispersion at short term, which enhanced CMV spread, though consequences of parasitism suggest potential benefits for disease control at long term. Furthermore, A. colemani significantly limited the spread and incidence of the persistent virus CABYV at long term. The impact of aphid parasitoids on the dispersal of plant viruses with different transmission modes is discussed.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mean ± S.E. values of total number of aphids on test plants in cages with (grey bars) and without (control cages, white bars) A. colemani. (a) CMV-infected source plant assay at 2 days. (b) CMV-infected source plant assay at 7 days. (c) CABYV-infected source plant assay at 7 days. (d) CABYV-infected source plant assay at 14 days. Bars with asterisks are significantly different according to Student’s t test (p < 0.05).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mean ± S.E. values of virus transmission (%) in the arenas with parasitoids (grey bars) and in those without them (control, white bars). Bars with asterisks indicate significant differences according to a Chi-square 2 × 2 goodness of fit test (p < 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Classed post maps of the spatial distribution of mean number of A. gossypii and cumulative number of CMV-infected plants (total number of infected plants per treatment) at 2 days, and contoured map of the association between CMV-infected plants and its vector, A. gossypii. Spots indicate individual test plants. Small filled spots represent clustering indices of 0 to ±0.99 (clustering below expectation), unfilled spots ±1 to ±1.49 (clustering slightly exceeds expectation) and large filled spots >1.5 or <1.5 (more than half as much as expectation). Red lines enclosing patch clusters are contours of v = 1.5 and blue lines are of v = –1.5. Black lines are zero-value contours, representing boundaries between patch and gap regions. The index of aggregation, Ia, the positive patch cluster index, vi, the negative gap cluster index, vj, and the index of spatial association, X, enclosed by an orange line are statistically significant. Letter N and arrow indicate north orientation.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Classed post maps of the spatial distribution of mean number of A. gossypii and cumulative number of CMV-infected plants (total number of infected plants per treatment) at 7 days, and contoured map of the association between CMV-infected plants and its vector, A. gossypii. Symbols and contours are as for Figure 3.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Classed post maps of the spatial distribution of mean number of A. gossypii and cumulative number of CABYV-infected plants (total number of infected plants per treatment) at 7 days, and contoured map of the association between CABYV-infected plants and its vector, A. gossypii. Symbols and contours are as for Figure 3.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Classed post maps of the spatial distribution of mean number of A. gossypii and cumulative number of CABYV-infected plants (total number of infected plants per treatment) at 14 days, and contoured map of the association between CABYV-infected plants and its vector, A. gossypii. Symbols and contours are as for Figure 3.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Spatial disposition of an arena, displaying the central virus source surrounded by the 48 test plants at a 1-true leaf stage.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Ng J.C.K., Perry K.L. Transmission of plant viruses by aphid vectors. Mol. Plant. Pathol. 2004;5:505–511. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2004.00240.x. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Nault L.R. Arthropod transmission of plant viruses: A new synthesis. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 1997;90:521–541.
    1. Hull R. Matthews’ Plant Virology. 4th. Academic Press; New York, USA: 2002.
    1. Fereres A., Moreno A. Behavioural aspects influencing plant virus transmission by homopteran insects. Virus Res. 2009;141:158–168. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.10.020. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Döring T.F., Chittka L. Visual ecology of aphids: A critical review on the role of colours in host finding. Arthropod.-Plant Interact. 2007;1:3–16. doi: 10.1007/s11829-006-9000-1. - DOI

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources