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Review
. 2012:758:1-5.
doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-4584-1_1.

The role of hypoxia-inducible factors in oxygen sensing by the carotid body

Gregg L Semenza  1 , Nanduri R Prabhakar
Affiliations
Review

The role of hypoxia-inducible factors in oxygen sensing by the carotid body

Gregg L Semenza et al. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2012.

Abstract

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) associated with sleep-disordered breathing is an important cause of hypertension, which results from carotid body-mediated activation of the sympathetic nervous system. IH triggers increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the carotid body, which induce increased synthesis and stability of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and calpain-dependent degradation of HIF-2α. HIF-1 activates transcription of the Nox2 gene, encoding NADPH oxidase 2, which generates superoxide. Loss of HIF-2 activity leads to decreased transcription of the Sod2 gene, encoding manganese superoxide dismutase, which converts superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Thus, IH disrupts the balance between HIF-1-dependent pro-oxidant and HIF-2-dependent anti-oxidant activities, and this loss of redox homeostasis underlies the pathogenesis of autonomic morbidities associated with IH.

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