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Review
. 2012 Nov;24(6):650-4.
doi: 10.1097/CCO.0b013e328356da72.

Glucose transporters in cancer metabolism

Kehinde Adekola  1 , Steven T Rosen, Mala Shanmugam
Affiliations
Review

Glucose transporters in cancer metabolism

Kehinde Adekola et al. Curr Opin Oncol. 2012 Nov.

Abstract

Purpose of review: Transformed cells exhibit a high rate of glucose consumption beyond that necessary for ATP synthesis. Glucose aids in the generation of biomass and regulates cellular signaling critical for oncogenic progression. A key rate-limiting step in glucose utilization is the transport of glucose across the plasma membrane. This review will highlight key glucose transporters (GLUTs) and current therapies targeting this class of proteins.

Recent findings: GLUTs, enabling the facilitative entry of glucose into a cell, are increasingly found to be deregulated in cancer. Although cancer-specific expression patterns for GLUTs are being identified, comprehensive analyses substantiating a role for individual GLUTs are still required. Studies defining GLUTs as being rate-limiting in specific tumor contexts, the identification of GLUT1 inhibitors via synthetic lethality screens, novel engagement of the insulin-responsive GLUT4 in myeloma and identification of GLUT9 being a urate transporter, are key advances underscoring the need for continued investigation of this large and enigmatic class of proteins.

Summary: Tumor cells exhibit elevated levels of glucose uptake, a phenomenon that has been capitalized upon for the prognostic and diagnostic imaging of a wide range of cancers using radio-labeled glucose analogs. We have, however, not yet been able to target glucose entry in a tumor cell-specific manner for therapy. GLUTs have been identified as rate-limiting in specific tumor contexts. The identification and targeting of tumor-specific GLUTs provide a promising approach to block glucose-regulated metabolism and signaling more comprehensively.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no competing financial interests. K.A. has received funding from NCI T32 CA079447. M.S. has received funding from American Cancer Society (Illinois Division #188679), American Cancer Society Research Scholar grant (RSG-11–254–01-CSM) and Wendy Will Case Cancer Fund Foundation (SP0012544).

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