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. 2013 Apr;20(4):2352-61.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-012-1110-y. Epub 2012 Aug 12.

Application of Fenton, photo-Fenton, solar photo-Fenton, and UV/H2O2 to degradation of the antineoplastic agent mitoxantrone and toxicological evaluation

Rodrigo Pereira Cavalcante  1 , Lucas da Rocha Sandim, Danielle Bogo, Antônio Marcos Jacques Barbosa, Marly Eiko Osugi, Matildes Blanco, Silvio Cesar de Oliveira, Maria de Fatima Cepa Matos, Amilcar Machulek Jr, Valdir Souza Ferreira
Affiliations

Application of Fenton, photo-Fenton, solar photo-Fenton, and UV/H2O2 to degradation of the antineoplastic agent mitoxantrone and toxicological evaluation

Rodrigo Pereira Cavalcante et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013 Apr.

Abstract

In the present study, selected advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)-namely, photo-Fenton (with Fe(2+), Fe(3+), and potassium ferrioxalate-FeOx-as iron sources), solar photo-Fenton, Fenton, and UV/H2O2-were investigated for degradation of the antineoplastic drug mitoxantrone (MTX), frequently used to treat metastatic breast cancer, skin cancer, and acute leukemia. The results showed that photo-Fenton processes employing Fe(III) and FeOx and the UV/H2O2 process were most efficient for mineralizing MTX, with 77, 82, and 90% of total organic carbon removal, respectively. MTX probably forms a complex with Fe(III), as demonstrated by voltammetric and spectrophotometric measurements. Spectrophotometric titrations suggested that the complex has a 2:1 Fe(3+):MTX stoichiometric ratio and a complexation constant (K) of 1.47 × 10(4) M(-1), indicating high MTX affinity for Fe(3+). Complexation partially inhibits the involvement of iron ions and hence the degradation of MTX during photo-Fenton. The UV/H2O2 process is usually slower than the photo-Fenton process, but, in this study, the UV/H2O2 process proved to be more efficient due to complexing of MTX with Fe(III). The drug exhibited no cytotoxicity against NIH/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells when oxidized by UV/H2O2 or by UV/H2O2/FeOx at the concentrations tested.

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