Pathways of carotenoid biosynthesis in bacteria and microalgae
- PMID: 22623294
- DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-879-5_1
Pathways of carotenoid biosynthesis in bacteria and microalgae
Abstract
The carotenoids, a subfamily of the isoprenoids, are among the most widespread, ancient, diverse, and rich class of all natural products and biomolecules. Microorganisms, as well as microalgae and bacteria synthesize isoprenoids from isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and its isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). For long time, mevalonic acid was assumed to be the only natural precursor for IPP and DMAPP in the cytosolic acetate/mevalonate pathway for the biosynthesis of sterols, sesquiterpenes, triterpenoids, and carotenoids. At present, it is accepted that the relatively new route, the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP), or 1-deoxy-D: -xylulose-5-phosphate (DOXP) is the main pathway for the biosynthesis of plastidic isoprenoids, such as carotenoids, phytol (a side chain of chlorophylls), plastoquinone-9, isoprene, mono-, and diterpenes. Cytosolic isoprenoids (sterols) biosynthesized by MEP have been reported in eubacteria and algae (Chlorella, Chlamydomonas, Scenedesmus, and Dunaliella). This review summarizes current knowledge of the biosynthetic pathways leading to the formation of different isoprenoids and carotenoids in bacteria and microalgae. Particular attention was given to the last early steps of the biosynthesis of the key C(5)-precursor and the final steps of the biosynthesis of carotenoids including selected examples in microalgae and bacteria as well as the recent advances in genomics and metabolic engineering.
Similar articles
-
THE 1-DEOXY-D-XYLULOSE-5-PHOSPHATE PATHWAY OF ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS IN PLANTS.Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 1999 Jun;50:47-65. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.50.1.47. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 1999. PMID: 15012203
-
Isoprenoid biosynthesis via 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate/2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (DOXP/MEP) pathway.Acta Biochim Pol. 2001;48(3):663-72. Acta Biochim Pol. 2001. PMID: 11833775 Review.
-
Both methylerythritol phosphate and mevalonate pathways contribute to biosynthesis of each of the major isoprenoid classes in young cotton seedlings.Phytochemistry. 2014 Feb;98:110-9. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.11.010. Epub 2013 Dec 17. Phytochemistry. 2014. PMID: 24359633
-
A new alternative non-mevalonate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis in eubacteria and plants.Biochemistry (Mosc). 1998 Feb;63(2):139-48. Biochemistry (Mosc). 1998. PMID: 9526105 Review.
-
Chlorophyta exclusively use the 1-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate/2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway for the biosynthesis of isoprenoids.Planta. 2001 Feb;212(3):416-23. doi: 10.1007/s004250000409. Planta. 2001. PMID: 11289606
Cited by
-
All Kinds of Sunny Colors Synthesized from Methane: Genome-Encoded Carotenoid Production by Methylomonas Species.Microorganisms. 2023 Nov 26;11(12):2865. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11122865. Microorganisms. 2023. PMID: 38138009 Free PMC article.
-
In Search for the Membrane Regulators of Archaea.Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Sep 9;20(18):4434. doi: 10.3390/ijms20184434. Int J Mol Sci. 2019. PMID: 31505830 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Bioactive potentiality of secondary metabolites from endophytic bacteria against SARS-COV-2: An in-silico approach.PLoS One. 2022 Aug 4;17(8):e0269962. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269962. eCollection 2022. PLoS One. 2022. PMID: 35925905 Free PMC article.
-
Plastids of marine phytoplankton produce bioactive pigments and lipids.Mar Drugs. 2013 Sep 9;11(9):3425-71. doi: 10.3390/md11093425. Mar Drugs. 2013. PMID: 24022731 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Modular enzyme assembly for enhanced cascade biocatalysis and metabolic flux.Nat Commun. 2019 Sep 18;10(1):4248. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12247-w. Nat Commun. 2019. PMID: 31534134 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
