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Review
. 2012:723:3-9.
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0631-0_1.

A window to innate neuroimmunity: Toll-like receptor-mediated cell responses in the retina

Mark E Kleinman  1 , Jayakrishna Ambati
Affiliations
Review

A window to innate neuroimmunity: Toll-like receptor-mediated cell responses in the retina

Mark E Kleinman et al. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2012.
No abstract available

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Figures

Fig. 1.1
Fig. 1.1
Dilated fundoscopic examination of wild-type mice (a) 2 weeks after treatment with intraocular poly (I:C) (2 µg) revealed confluent areas of hypo- and complete depigmentation (arrows) suggestive of RPE loss whereas TLR3-deficient mice did not (b). Ultrastructural analysis showed disorganized photoreceptor segments (PRS) and vacuolization of the RPE layer, a sign of autophagy that occurs during cell death (c) (scale bar = 2 µm). Forty-eight hours after treatment, severe disturbances in retinal morphology are evident along with significantly increased apoptotic nuclei (TUNEL + blue, nuclei in red) in the RPE (arrowheads) and nuclear layers (INL, ONL) (arrows) of wild-type treated retinas (d) (scale bar = 10 µm)
Fig. 1.2
Fig. 1.2
RNA interference may occur through the traditional intracellular pathway mediated by RISC. However, siRNA (≥21 nt) bind to and activate TLR3 leading to an angio-inhibitory class effect that is mediated through the upregulation of IFN- γ, interleukin-12, and apoptosis
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