Stages of ciliogenesis and regulation of ciliary length
- PMID: 22178116
- PMCID: PMC3269565
- DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2011.11.015
Stages of ciliogenesis and regulation of ciliary length
Abstract
Cilia and flagella are highly conserved eukaryotic microtubule-based organelles that protrude from the surface of most mammalian cells. These structures require large protein complexes and motors for distal addition of tubulin and extension of the ciliary membrane. In order for ciliogenesis to occur, coordination of many processes must take place. An intricate concert of cell cycle regulation, vesicular trafficking, and ciliary extension must all play out with accurate timing to produce a cilium. Here, we review the stages of ciliogenesis as well as regulation of the length of the assembled cilium. Regulation of ciliogenesis during cell cycle progression centers on centrioles, from which cilia extend upon maturation into basal bodies. Centriole maturation involves a shift from roles in cell division to cilium nucleation via migration to the cell surface and docking at the plasma membrane. Docking is dependent on a variety of proteinaceous structures, termed distal appendages, acquired by the mother centriole. Ciliary elongation by the process of intraflagellar transport (IFT) ensues. Direct modification of ciliary structures, as well as modulation of signal transduction pathways, play a role in maintenance of the cilium. All of these stages are tightly regulated to produce a cilium of the right size at the right time. Finally, we discuss the implications of abnormal ciliogenesis and ciliary length control in human disease as well as some open questions.
Copyright © 2011 International Society of Differentiation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Figures


Similar articles
-
Cellular Mechanisms of Ciliary Length Control.Cells. 2016 Jan 29;5(1):6. doi: 10.3390/cells5010006. Cells. 2016. PMID: 26840332 Free PMC article. Review.
-
The ciliary cytoskeleton.Compr Physiol. 2012 Jan;2(1):779-803. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c110043. Compr Physiol. 2012. PMID: 23728985 Review.
-
Drosophila transition fibers are essential for IFT-dependent ciliary elongation but not basal body docking and ciliary budding.Curr Biol. 2023 Feb 27;33(4):727-736.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.046. Epub 2023 Jan 19. Curr Biol. 2023. PMID: 36669498
-
Intraflagellar transport proteins in ciliogenesis of photoreceptor cells.Biol Cell. 2011 Oct 1;103(10):449-66. doi: 10.1042/BC20110034. Biol Cell. 2011. PMID: 21732910
-
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) role in ciliary assembly, resorption and signalling.Curr Top Dev Biol. 2008;85:23-61. doi: 10.1016/S0070-2153(08)00802-8. Curr Top Dev Biol. 2008. PMID: 19147001 Review.
Cited by
-
Versatile gamma-tubulin complexes contribute to the dynamic organization of MTOCs during Drosophila spermatogenesis.Commun Biol. 2024 Oct 24;7(1):1385. doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-07090-9. Commun Biol. 2024. PMID: 39448788 Free PMC article.
-
Non-motile primary cilia as fluid shear stress mechanosensors.Methods Enzymol. 2013;525:1-20. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-397944-5.00001-8. Methods Enzymol. 2013. PMID: 23522462 Free PMC article.
-
Cilia-Mediated Insulin/Akt and ST2/JNK Signaling Pathways Regulate the Recovery of Muscle Injury.Adv Sci (Weinh). 2022 Nov 14;10(1):e2202632. doi: 10.1002/advs.202202632. Online ahead of print. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2022. PMID: 36373718 Free PMC article.
-
The tumor suppressor FBW7 controls ciliary length.EMBO J. 2015 Oct 1;34(19):2388-90. doi: 10.15252/embj.201592588. Epub 2015 Aug 12. EMBO J. 2015. PMID: 26269527 Free PMC article.
-
Ciliary and cytoskeletal functions of an ancient monooxygenase essential for bioactive amidated peptide synthesis.Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019 Jun;76(12):2329-2348. doi: 10.1007/s00018-019-03065-w. Epub 2019 Mar 16. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019. PMID: 30879092 Free PMC article. Review.
References
-
- Afzelius BA. A human syndrome caused by immotile cilia. Science. 1976;193:317–319. - PubMed
-
- Arts HH, Bongers EM, Mans DA, van Beersum SE, Oud MM, Bolat E, Spruijt L, Cornelissen EA, Schuurs-Hoeijmakers JH, de Leeuw N, et al. C14ORF179 encoding IFT43 is mutated in Sensenbrenner syndrome. J Med Genet. 2011;48:390–395. - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources