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. 2012 May;22(3):166-81.
doi: 10.1002/rmv.722. Epub 2011 Nov 24.

Phosphorylation events during viral infections provide potential therapeutic targets

Julie A Keating  1 , Rob Striker
Affiliations

Phosphorylation events during viral infections provide potential therapeutic targets

Julie A Keating et al. Rev Med Virol. 2012 May.

Abstract

For many medically relevant viruses, there is now considerable evidence that both viral and cellular kinases play important roles in viral infection. Ultimately, these kinases, and the cellular signaling pathways that they exploit, may serve as therapeutic targets for treating patients. Currently, small molecule inhibitors of kinases are under investigation as therapy for herpes viral infections. Additionally, a number of cellular or host-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors that have been previously FDA approved for cancer treatment are under study in animal models and clinical trials, as they have shown promise for the treatment of various viral infections as well. This review will highlight the wide range of viral proteins phosphorylated by viral and cellular kinases, and the potential for variability of kinase recognition sites within viral substrates to impact phosphorylation and kinase prediction. Research studying kinase-targeting prophylactic and therapeutic treatments for a number of viral infections will also be discussed.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no competing interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The PKG kinase recognition sites vary in flaviviral substrates. The canonical PKG recognition site was identified in cellular substrates 62. However, PKG phosphorylation sites (highlighted) that exist in non‐canonical PKG recognition sites have been experimentally identified in mosquito‐borne flaviviruses 60, 61. Although there is some sequence conservation between viruses at each site, the sequences surrounding each individual site (449/452/450 versus 38) differ from each other, as well as from the canonical PKG recognition motif. An “X” within the sequence denotes any amino acid
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