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Review
. 2011 Dec;51(2-3):153-60.
doi: 10.1007/s12026-011-8255-5.

Generation of immunogenic and tolerogenic clinical-grade dendritic cells

Tahereh Kalantari  1 , Eskandar Kamali-Sarvestani, Bogoljub Ciric, Mohamad H Karimi, Mohsen Kalantari, Alireza Faridar, Hui Xu, Abdolmohamad Rostami
Affiliations
Review

Generation of immunogenic and tolerogenic clinical-grade dendritic cells

Tahereh Kalantari et al. Immunol Res. 2011 Dec.

Abstract

Immunotherapy with dendritic cells (DCs), which have been manipulated ex vivo to become immunogenic or tolerogenic, has been tested in clinical trials for disease therapy. DCs are sentinels of the immune system, which after exposure to antigenic or inflammatory signals and crosstalk with effector CD4(+) T cells express high levels of costimulatory molecules and cytokines. Upregulation of either costimulatory molecules or cytokines promotes immunologic DCs, whereas their downregulation generates tolerogenic DCs (TDCs), which induce T regulatory cells (Tregs) and a state of tolerance. Immunogenic DCs are used for the therapy of infectious diseases such as HIV-1 and cancer, whereas tolerogenic DCs are used in treating various autoimmune diseases and in transplantation. DC vaccination is still at an early stage, and improvements are mainly needed in quality control of monitoring assays to generate clinical-grade DC products and to assess the effect of DC vaccination in future clinical trials. Here, we review the recent work in DC generation and monitoring approaches for DC-based trials with immunogenic or tolerogenic DCs.

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Conflict of interest statement

Authorship

Conflict-of-interest disclosure: The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Application of CD19+ IDO+ DCs in autoimmune, transplantation and cancer therapy. CD19 + IDO + DCs may be used for treatment of both autoimmune diseases and cancers after stimulation with IDO inducers (such as CpG, soluble CTLA-4 and IFN-γ) and IDO inhibitors (such as 1-MT), respectively.
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