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Review
. 2012 Jan;216(2):161-8.
doi: 10.1007/s00221-011-2933-3. Epub 2011 Nov 13.

Cytoarchitecture of mouse and human subventricular zone in developing cerebral neocortex

Hidenori Tabata  1 , Satoshi Yoshinaga, Kazunori Nakajima
Affiliations
Review

Cytoarchitecture of mouse and human subventricular zone in developing cerebral neocortex

Hidenori Tabata et al. Exp Brain Res. 2012 Jan.

Abstract

During cerebral neocortical development, excitatory neurons are generated from radial glial cells in the ventricular zone (VZ) or from secondary progenitor cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ); these neurons then migrate toward the pial surface. We have observed that post-mitotic neurons generated directly in the VZ accumulated just above the VZ with a multipolar morphology, while secondary progenitor cells having a long ascending process left the VZ faster than the post-mitotic neurons. Recent observations of human developing neocortex have revealed the existence of radial glia-like progenitors (oRG cells) in the SVZ. This type of progenitor was first thought to be human specific; however, similar cells have also been found in mouse neocortex, and the morphology of these cells resembled that of some of the secondary progenitor cells that we had previously observed, suggesting the existence of a common architecture for the developing neocortex among mammals. In this review, we discuss the nature of the SVZ and its similarities and differences between humans and mice.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Two distinct populations migrating from the VZ. Model for the initial phase of migrations from the neocortical VZ during late cortical plate development (a). Two populations migrate from the VZ. One population, the SEP, finishes its final cell division in the VZ and remains there for about 10 h; this population then stays just above the VZ, which is called the MAZ. The SEP cells further transform into locomotion cells to enter the CP. The other population, REP, migrates faster than the SEP and divides in the IZ. The morphologies and positions of the GFP-positive cells at 12 h (b) and 36 h (c) after electroporation at E14.5 are shown. Scale bar 30 μm
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Histological architectures of the SVZ. The distributions of Pax6, Tbr2, and NeuroD-positive cells and the cells with BrdU uptake were compared with the GFP-positive multipolar cells in the MAZ (a). E15 mouse embryos were electroporated with GFP expression vector and fixed at E16.5. BrdU was applied 1 h before fixation. Double immunostaining for Tbr2 and p27 in E15 mouse neocortex (b). Tbr2-positive cells in the SVZ above the MAZ were mostly negative for p27, whereas the cells in the VZ or MAZ were frequently positive (encircled by the magenta dotted line). A subset of REP cells had long basal processes and expressed Sox2, representing the oRG cell-characters (c). Electroporation of the plasmid-mixture composed of the nestin-promoter-driven Cre-recombinase-expressing vector (pNestin-Cre), the Cre-dependent-EGFP-expressing vector (pCLNL-EGFP), and the CAG-promoter-driven mCherry-expressing vector (CAG-mCherry) preferentially labeled REP with GFP and mCherry and labeled SEP with mCherry alone. The mCherry single-positive SEP cells had accumulated in the MAZ as multipolar cells. The GFP-labeled REP cells were located in the IZ/SVZ. Some of these cells had long basal processes and expressed Sox2. Scale bar 20 μm
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