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. 2011;3(2):140-55.
Epub 2010 Jun 18.

The roles of microRNAs in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis

Weining Yang, Daniel Y Lee, Yaacov Ben-David

The roles of microRNAs in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis

Weining Yang et al. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol. 2011.

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding sequences that control gene expression via translational regulation. Through interactions with the 3'-untranslated region of messenger RNA, miRNAs trigger translational repression and play a key role in developmental timing. Furthermore, many miRNA groups have now been shown to regulate various processes in tumorigenesis, including angiogenesis and metastasis. These links highlight the importance of microRNA research in further understanding cancer development. This review article summarizes the current state of microRNA research, with a focus on the roles of microRNAs in various cancer types. Up to date knowledge of the structure and biogenesis pathway of microRNA are also reviewed.

Keywords: angiogenesis; biogenesis; cancer; microRNA; tumorigenesis.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
MicroRNA Biogenesis. Genes of miRNA are first transcribed by RNA Polymerase along with coding genes or independently. Nascently transcribed primary miRNA is then cleaved by the microprocessor composed of Drosha and Pasha in the nucleus. Resulting precursor miRNA is then exported from nucleus by nuclear pore protein Exportin-5. In the cytoplasm, Dicer removes the loop from precursor miRNA. After helicase opens the miRNA duplex, guide strand of the mature miRNA is loaded with Argonaute (Ago2) within the RISC complex, where it guides RISC to silence target mRNAs. Target mRNAs are translated ineffectively due to mRNA degradation or translation inhibition. The complementary strand is either degraded or functions as a mature miRNA.
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