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Review
. 2011 Apr 24:3:22.
doi: 10.1186/1758-3284-3-22.

Mammalian target of rapamycin and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Yu-Min Liao  1 , Charles Kim, Yun Yen
Affiliations
Review

Mammalian target of rapamycin and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Yu-Min Liao et al. Head Neck Oncol. .

Abstract

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a significant cause of cancer deaths worldwide, has multiple stepwise malignant evolutions. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a critical role in tumor development, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis that impact local recurrence and survival. mTOR can also act as a biomarker for personalized adjuvant therapy. In in vivo and in vitro studies, mTOR inhibitor suppresses tumor growth and sensitizes HNSCC to radiation, cytotoxic agents and epidermoid growth factor receptor inhibitors. We have reviewed the pathogenesis of HNSCC, mTOR pathway, mTOR inhibitor and the role of mTOR in HNSCC.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mammalian target of rapamycin is a key regulator in development and progression of cancer. Mammalian target of rapamycin responds to stimuli of growth factor, insulin, tobacco components, nutrients, hypoxia, ATP and RHEB to activate P70S6 and inhibit 4EBP1 and PP5 with subsequent dysregulation of apoptosis, cell survival, cell transformation, tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; RHEB, ras homologue enriched in brain; mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1; PP5, protein phosphatase 5; ASK1, apoptosis-signal-regulating kinase 1; p70S6, ribosomal p70 S6; EIF4E, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E; 4E-BP1, EIF4E-binding protein 1.
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