Epigenetics in cardiovascular disease
- PMID: 21415727
- PMCID: PMC5303626
- DOI: 10.1097/HCO.0b013e328345986e
Epigenetics in cardiovascular disease
Abstract
Purpose of review: To provide an overview of the biological processes implicated in chromatin-based pathways that control endothelial gene expression patterns in both health and disease and highlight how these processes are relevant to cardiovascular disease.
Recent findings: Epigenetics refers to chromatin-based pathways important in the regulation of gene expression and includes three distinct, but highly interrelated, mechanisms: DNA methylation, histone density and posttranslational modifications, and RNA-based mechanisms. It is of great interest that epigenetic regulation of genes enriched in the vascular endothelium is a prominent regulatory pathway. How environmental cues within the vasculature, such as hemodynamic forces or hypoxia, influence these epigenetic mechanisms will be reviewed.
Summary: Although a newer area for study, exciting new evidence identifies that epigenetic processes are highly dynamic and respond to a myriad of environmental stimuli. Integrating chromatin-based pathways into our understanding of gene expression offers newer insight into disease processes.
Figures
![Figure 1](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/df40/5303626/2c3453e47b8b/nihms392077f1.gif)
![Figure 2](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/df40/5303626/6758cebaacfd/nihms392077f2.gif)
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