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Review
. 2011 Apr;152(4):1199-208.
doi: 10.1210/en.2010-1041. Epub 2011 Jan 19.

Minireview: roles of the forkhead transcription factor FOXL2 in granulosa cell biology and pathology

Margareta D Pisarska  1 , Gillian Barlow, Fang-Ting Kuo
Affiliations
Review

Minireview: roles of the forkhead transcription factor FOXL2 in granulosa cell biology and pathology

Margareta D Pisarska et al. Endocrinology. 2011 Apr.

Abstract

The forkhead transcription factor (FOXL2) is an essential transcription factor in the ovary. It is important in ovarian development and a key factor in female sex determination. In addition, FOXL2 plays a significant role in the postnatal ovary and follicle maintenance. The diverse transcriptional activities of FOXL2 are likely attributable to posttranslational modifications and binding to other key proteins involved in granulosa cell function. Mutations of FOXL2 lead to disorders of ovarian function ranging from premature follicle depletion and ovarian failure to unregulated granulosa cell proliferation leading to tumor formation. Thus, FOXL2 is a key regulator of granulosa cell function and a master transcription factor in these cells.

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Activity of FOXL2 as a transcriptional repressor. FOXL2 likely functions as a dimer (118) and requires sumoylation and phosphorylation for its activity. Other factors that may make up the transcriptional complex (Erα, SF-1, and DP103) are indicated, as are the genes known to be regulated by FOXL2. The effects of FOXL2 on gene transcription may differ depending on the stage of ovarian development, including sexual differentiation, granulosa cell development, and pathological states such as GCT formation.
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