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. 2010 Aug 24;17 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S19.
doi: 10.1186/1423-0127-17-S1-S19.

Protective action of taurine, given as a pretreatment or as a posttreatment, against endotoxin-induced acute lung inflammation in hamsters

Tapan M Bhavsar  1 , Sanket N Patel, Cesar A Lau-Cam
Affiliations

Protective action of taurine, given as a pretreatment or as a posttreatment, against endotoxin-induced acute lung inflammation in hamsters

Tapan M Bhavsar et al. J Biomed Sci. .

Abstract

To assess the effect of taurine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, female Golden Syrian hamsters were intratracheally instilled with bacterial LPS (0.02 mg in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.4), before or after a 3-day intraperitoneal treatment with a single dose of taurine (50 mg/kg/day in PBS pH 7.4), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue samples were collected at 24 hr after the last treatment. In comparison to BALF samples from animals receiving only PBS pH 7.4, and serving as controls, those of LPS-stimulated animals exhibited a higher count of both total leukocytes and neutrophils and increased expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. In comparison to lungs from control animals, those from LPS-treated animals showed increased cellular apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, decreased glutathione levels, altered activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) and focal inflammation confined to the parenchyma. A treatment with taurine was found to significantly attenuate all these alterations, with the protection being, in all instances, greater when given before rather than after LPS. The present results suggest that taurine is endowed with antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties that are protective in the lung against the deleterious actions of Gram negative bacterial endotoxin.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
TAU attenuated LPS-induced formation of MDA in the lung when given before or after LPS. Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M. for n = 6. *P<0.05 and ***P<0.001 vs. control; +P<0.05 and ++P<0.01 vs. LPS.
Figure 2
Figure 2
TAU prevented the LPS-induced depletion of lung GSH when given before, but not after, LPS. Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M. for n = 6. +P<0.05 vs. control; +P<0.05 vs. LPS.
Figure 3
Figure 3
TAU attenuated the LPS-induced decrease in lung CAT activity when given before or after LPS. Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M. for n = 6. ***P<0.001 vs. control; +++P<0.001 vs. LPS.
Figure 4
Figure 4
TAU attenuated the LPS-induced increase in lung GPx activity when given before or after LPS. Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M. for n = 6. ***P<0.001 vs. control; ++P<0.01 vs. LPS.
Figure 5
Figure 5
TAU attenuated the LPS-induced decrease in lung SOD activity when given before or after LPS. Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M. for n = 6. *P<0.05 vs. control; ++P<0.01 vs. LPS.
Figure 6
Figure 6
TAU attenuated the LPS-induced influx of total leukocytes into BALF when given before or after LPS. Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M. for n = 6. ***P<0.001 vs. control; ++P<0.01 and +++P<0.001 vs. LPS.
Figure 7
Figure 7
TAU attenuated the LPS-induced influx of neutrophils into BALF when given before or after LPS. Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M. for n = 6. ***P<0.001 vs. control; +P<0.05 vs. LPS.
Figure 8
Figure 8
TAU attenuated the LPS-induced influx of total neutrophils into BALF when given before or after LPS. Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M. for n = 6. ***P<0.001 vs. control; ++P<0.01 and +++P<0.001 vs. LPS.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Photomicrographs showing cells in BALF samples after a staining with Wright’s solution. The animals received TAU (50 mg/kg/0.5 mL, i.p.) before (A-C) and after (D-F) LPS (0.02 mg). Cells from control (PBS pH 7.4) animals exhibited a normal differential count, with the majority of cells being macrophages (A and D). BALF from animals treated only with LPS (B and E) exhibited a higher number of neutrophils and only a few macrophages relative to BALF from control (PBS pH 7.4) animals. A 3-day treatment with TAU, either before (C) or after (F) LPS, reduced the number of neutrophils relative to BALF from animals receiving only LPS (magnification of 400x).
Figure 10
Figure 10
TAU attenuated the LPS-induced increase in TNFR1-positive macrophages into BALF when given before or after LPS. Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M. for n = 6. ***P<0.001 vs. control; ++P<0.01 vs. LPS.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Photomicrographs of cells from BALF samples stained with Vectastain® Elite ABC kit. The animals received TAU (50 mg/kg/0.5 mL, i.p.) before (A-C) and after (D-F) LPS (0.02 mg). Cells from control (PBS pH 7.4) animals lacked TNFR1 positive cells (A and D). BALF from animals treated only with LPS (B and E) exhibited a modest increase in the number of TNFR1 positive macrophages relative to BALF from control (PBS pH 7.4) animals. A 3-day treatment with TAU, either before (C) or after (F) LPS, reduced the number of TNFR1 positive macrophages relative to BALF from animals receiving only LPS (magnification of 400x).
Figure 12
Figure 12
TAU attenuated the LPS-induced increase in lung TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells when given before or after LPS. Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M. for n = 6. ***P<0.001 vs. control; ++P<0.01 and +++P<0.001 vs. LPS.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Photomicrographs of lung sections stained with ApoTag® Plus Peroxidase In Situ Apoptosis Detection kit. The animals received TAU (50 mg/kg/0.5 mL, i.p.) before (A-C) and after (D-F) LPS (0.02 mg). Sections from control (PBS pH 7.4) animals showed no TUNEL positive apoptotic cells (A and D). Sections from animals treated only with LPS (B and E) showed a modest increase in the number of TUNEL positive lung cells relative to samples from control (PBS pH 7.4) animals. A 3-day treatment with TAU, either before (C) or after (F) LPS, reduced the number of TUNEL positive lung cells relative to samples from animals receiving only LPS (magnification of 400x).
Figure 14
Figure 14
TAU attenuated the LPS-induced lung increase in inflammatory index when given before or after LPS. Each bar represents the mean ± S.E.M. for n = 6. ***P<0.001 vs. control; +++P<0.001 and ++P<0.01 vs. LPS.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Photomicrographs of lung sections stained with H&E. (A-C) and (D-F) show the results for The animals received TAU (50 mg/kg/0.5 mL, i.p.) before (A-C) and after (D-F) LPS (0.02 mg). Sections from control (PBS pH 7.4) animals showed no signs of inflammation in the alveolar wall (A and D). Sections from animals treated only with LPS (B and E) showed a moderate inflammatory reaction and a mild thickening of the alveolar wall. A 3-day treatment with TAU, either before (C) or after (F) LPS, reduced the inflammatory reaction in the alveolar wall and thickening of the interstitium relative to lung sections from animals treated with LPS alone (magnification of 400x).
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