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. 2010 May;17(5):764-70.
doi: 10.1128/CVI.00239-09. Epub 2010 Mar 24.

Widespread circulation of echovirus type 13 demonstrated by increased seroprevalence in Toyama, Japan, between 2000 and 2003

Masae Iwai  1 , Hiromu Yoshida, Mayumi Obara, Eiji Horimoto, Kazuya Nakamura, Takenori Takizawa, Takeshi Kurata, Mineyuki Mizuguchi, Tohru Daikoku, Kimiyasu Shiraki
Affiliations

Widespread circulation of echovirus type 13 demonstrated by increased seroprevalence in Toyama, Japan, between 2000 and 2003

Masae Iwai et al. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010 May.

Abstract

To confirm the magnitude of an echovirus type 13 (E13) outbreak in 2002 and to evaluate whether genetic and antigenic changes in E13 influenced the occurrence of the outbreak, we measured titers of neutralizing (NT) antibody against the Toyama, 2002-240-SF, and prototype Del Carmen E13 strains among inhabitants of Toyama before and after 2002. The rate of positivity for NT antibodies against both 2002-240-SF and Del Carmen in 2003 made a remarkable upturn in children 0 to 14 years old, compared to that in 2000. Titers of NT antibody against strain 2002-240-SF of inhabitants were slightly higher than those against Del Carmen, whereas anti-E13 rabbit serum raised against either strain Del Carmen or 2002-240-SF showed almost the same titer of NT antibody against both strains. These data indicate that the antigenic properties of the strains may be slightly different. Differences in amino acids between strains 2002-240-SF and Del Carmen in the VP4, VP2, VP3, and VP1 regions may affect both antigenic and receptor binding properties, even though they do not seem to be significant enough to escape widespread immunity. One of the factors of the outbreak was thought to be the increase in susceptibility in the young generation.

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Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
(A) Rates of seropositivity and (B) geometric mean titers of NT antibodies to E13 isolate 2002-240-SF or strain Del Carmen in 2000, 2003, and 2008. Titers of ≥1,024 and <4 were used to calculate geometric mean titers and were regarded as 1,024 and 2, respectively.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
Comparison of titers of NT antibodies to strains 2002-240-SF and Del Carmen in 2000, 2003, and 2008. Values are numbers of sera possessing NT antibodies against E13 strain 2002-240-SF or Del Carmen with corresponding titers.
FIG. 3.
FIG. 3.
(A and B) Mapping of amino acid differences between strains 2002-240-SF and Del Carmen in the capsid region. The exterior pentamer and monomer models represented by the surface model (A) and the cartoon model (B), respectively, are projected onto the E11 structure (Protein Data Bank number 1h8t; original source of structural data, reference ; used with permission). VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4 are shown in cyan, light green, pink, and yellow, respectively. The amino acid positions that vary in VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4 are shown as blue, green, red, and yellow spheres, respectively. N-Ags previously reported for poliovirus (17, 18, 23, 25) and coxsackievirus A9 (27) are circled in the structure. Amino acid numbering is according to that of strain Del Carmen (GenBank accession number AAQ73076). Amino acids are identified by the single-letter code; i.e., K3E indicates the amino acid in strain 2002-240-SF, the position, and the amino acid in strain Del Carmen.
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