Clinical features, investigations and management of adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome
- PMID: 19668673
- PMCID: PMC2722617
- DOI: 10.1093/pch/10.10.602
Clinical features, investigations and management of adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is defined as chronic anovulation with evidence of hyperandrogenism, after the exclusion of secondary causes. It is commonly linked to obesity and the presence of the metabolic syndrome.
Objectives: To review the clinical features and medical assessment of adolescents referred for PCOS to gynecology or endocrinology services at The Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Ontario).
Methods: A chart review was conducted of all adolescents with PCOS referred during a one-year period. Measures included clinical findings, investigations and management.
Results: Forty-one adolescent girls, with a mean age +/- SD of 14.7+/-1.5 years, were reviewed. Common presenting complaints were menstrual irregularities in 35 of 41 girls (85%) and hirsutism in 28 of 41 girls (68%), with 32 of 41 adolescents (78%) having more than one complaint. The majority (31 of 38 [82%]) were overweight or obese. Features associated with the metabolic syndrome (hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and obesity) were identified in some adolescents, but were not consistently assessed. Blood pressure was assessed in 38 adolescents, fasting plasma glucose in 27, triglycerides in 22 and cholesterol in 21. Only four of 28 adolescents (15%) who underwent pelvic ultrasound demonstrated ovarian cysts. Investigations and management differed somewhat between endocrinologists and gynecologists. Most adolescents (34 of 41 [83%]) received pharmacological treatment: oral contraceptive pill (21 of 34 [62%]); intermittent medroxyprogesterone acetate to induce withdrawal bleeding (nine of 34 [26%]); metformin (two of 34 [6%]); or oral contraceptive pill and antiandrogen (two of 34 [6%]).
Conclusions: Adolescents with PCOS are at risk of developing metabolic abnormalities. Polycystic ovaries were not a consistent finding. The most commonly prescribed treatment was the oral contraceptive pill. Greater attention should be placed on screening adolescents with PCOS for diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia, allowing for earlier identification and management of potentially modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.
HISTORIQUE: Le syndrome de Stein-Leventhal (SSL), ou syndrome des ovaires polykystiques, est une anovulation chronique accompagnée de constatations d’hyperandrogénie dont les causes secondaires ont été exclues. Il est souvent associé à l’obésité et à un syndrome métabolique.
OBJECTIFS: Analyser les caractéristiques cliniques et l’évaluation médicale des adolescentes envoyées en consultation aux services de gynécologie ou d’endocrinologie de The Hospital for Sick Children (à Toronto, en Ontario), en raison d’un SSL.
MÉTHODOLOGIE: Les dossiers de toutes les adolescentes atteintes du SSL envoyées en consultation pendant une période d’un an ont été analysés. Les mesures incluaient les constatations cliniques, les explorations et la prise en charge.
RÉSULTATS: Les dossiers de 41 adolescentes, d’un âge moyen ± ÉT de 14,7±1,5 ans, ont été analysés. Les doléances courantes à la consultation étaient une irrégularité menstruelle chez 35 des 41 (85 %) adolescentes, et un hirsutisme chez 28 des 41 (68 %) patientes, 32 des 41 adolescentes (78 %) présentant plus d’un problème. La majorité (31 des 38 [82 %]) faisaient de l’embonpoint ou étaient obèses. Des caractéristiques reliées au syndrome métabolique (hypertension, dyslipidémie, résistance à l’insuline et obésité) étaient repérées chez certaines adolescentes, mais elles n’étaient pas toujours évaluées. La tension artérielle était consignée chez 38 adolescentes, la glycémie à jeun, chez 27 d’entre elles, tandis que les triglycérides l’étaient chez 22 adolescentes et le cholestérol, chez 21. Seulement quatre des 28 adolescentes (15 %) qui avaient subi une échographie pelvienne avaient des kystes ovariens. Les examens et la prise en charge différaient quelque peu entre les endocrinologues et les gynécologues. La plupart des adolescentes (34 des 41 [83 %]) avaient reçu un traitement pharmacologique: des anovulants (21 des 34 [62 %]), de l’acétate de médroxyprogestérone injecté de manière intermittente pour induire un saignement de sevrage (neuf des 34 [26 %]); de la metformine (deux des 34 [6 %]) ou des anovulants associés à un antiandrogène (deux des 34 [6 %]).
CONCLUSIONS: Les adolescentes atteintes du SSL sont vulnérables à des anomalies métaboliques. La présence d’ovaires polykystiques n’était pas systématique. Le traitement le plus prescrit demeure les anovulants. Il faudrait accorder plus d’attention au dépistage du diabète, de l’hypertension et de la dyslipidémie chez les adolescentes atteintes du SSL. Ainsi, il serait possible d’assurer un dépistage et une prise en charge plus rapides de ces facteurs de risques cardiovasculaires au potentiel modifiable.
Keywords: Adolescents; Metabolic syndrome; Polycystic ovary syndrome.
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