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Review
. 2008;8(4):270-80.
doi: 10.2174/156802608783790901.

Surface chemistry influences implant biocompatibility

Paul Thevenot  1 , Wenjing Hu, Liping Tang
Affiliations
Review

Surface chemistry influences implant biocompatibility

Paul Thevenot et al. Curr Top Med Chem. 2008.

Abstract

Implantable medical devices are increasingly important in the practice of modern medicine. Unfortunately, almost all medical devices suffer to a different extent from adverse reactions, including inflammation, fibrosis, thrombosis and infection. To improve the safety and function of many types of medical implants, a major need exists for development of materials that evoked desired tissue responses. Because implant-associated protein adsorption and conformational changes thereafter have been shown to promote immune reactions, rigorous research efforts have been emphasized on the engineering of surface property (physical and chemical characteristics) to reduce protein adsorption and cell interactions and subsequently improve implant biocompatibility. This brief review is aimed to summarize the past efforts and our recent knowledge about the influence of surface functionality on protein:cell:biomaterial interactions. It is our belief that detailed understandings of bioactivity of surface functionality provide an easy, economic, and specific approach for the future rational design of implantable medical devices with desired tissue reactivity and, hopefully, wound healing capability.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic drawing to depict the protein:biomaterial interactions which often lead to conformational changes of adsorbed proteins and the subsequent exposure of hidden proinflammatory epitopes.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic drawing of fibrin(ogen) showing the approximate locations of some of the epitopes which have been implicated to be responsible for triggering foreign body reactions. The potential inflammatory epitopes include P1 (γ190–202), P2 (γ377–395), RGDS (Aα 572–575), and RGDF (Aα 95–98).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Prominent fibrotic tissue formation was found surrounding poly-L-lactic acid particles which were subcutaneously implanted in Balb/C mice for 2 weeks. The presence of collagenous fibrotic tissue create diffusion barrier for drug transport from implanted particles to blood stream.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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